Endocrine: Pancreas, Gonads

Question 1

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 1

Long, flat, along the duodenum

Question 2

True or False: Pancreas only has exocrine function

Answer 2

False - Endocrine and Exocrine

Question 3

Endocrine portion of the pancreas is organized into thousands of tiny clumps of cells called ____________ ___________

Answer 3

pancreatic islets / islets of langerhans (scattered throughout the organ)

Question 4

What are the 3 main endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets?

Answer 4

Alpha
Beta
Delta

Question 5

What do alpha cells produce?

Answer 5

Glucagon

Question 6

What do beta cells produce?

Answer 6

insulin

Question 7

What do delta cells produce?

Answer 7

somatostatin

Question 8

What role does insulin play?

Answer 8

Lowers blood glucose levels
(causes glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids in blood to be absorbed into body cells)

Question 9

What role does glucagon play?

Answer 9

stimulates liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose; stimulates glycogenesis

Question 10

What role does somatostatin play?

Answer 10

Inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon, GH, and diminishes the activity of GI tract

Question 11

Disease from insulin deficiency

Answer 11

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 12

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 12

Produces digestive enzymes

Question 13

True or False: It is just as detrimental to have a glucagon deficiency as insulin

Answer 13

False - there are other hormones that have a hyperglycemic effect to supplement

Question 14

The gonads are the reproductive organs - the _________ in the male and the ___________ in the female

Answer 14

Testes; ovaries

Question 15

What is produced in the gonads?

Answer 15

Reproductive cells and important hormones

Question 16

Clumps of endocrine cells that produce androgens

Answer 16

Interstitial cells

Question 17

What is the principal androgen that interstitial cells produce?

Answer 17

Testosterone

Question 18

Where is sperm produced?

Answer 18

seminiferous tubules

Question 19

True or False: The ovaries produce reproductive cells and hormones continuously

Answer 19

False - They do so in cycles

Question 20

What are the main hormone groups produced in the ovary?

Answer 20

Estrogens
Progestins

Question 21

What is a third hormone produced in the ovary late in pregnancy?

Answer 21

Relaxin

Question 22

Which estrogens are produced in the ovary?

Answer 22

Estradiol
Estrone

Question 23

What role does estrogen play in ovulation?

Answer 23

• Follicle cells produce and release estrogens
• Follicle grows
• Estrogen production increases
• FSH decreases, LH increases
• LH peaks when follicle is fully mature
• Ovulation occurs

Question 24

Where are progestins produced?

Answer 24

Corpus Luteum

Question 25

What is the principal progestin produced?

Answer 25

Progesterone

Question 26

How does pregnancy affect progestin levels?

Answer 26

If pregnant = corpus luteum produces progesterone
If not pregnant = lack of hormone causes corpus luteum to shrink and disappear

Question 27

What role does Relaxin have in parturition?

Answer 27

Causes ligaments between bones surrounding birth canal to soften and relax in preparation