Endocrine: Other Organs Flashcards
What do kidneys produce?
Erythropoietin
What does erythropoietin stimulate?
Red Bone marrow to increase production of oxygen-carrying red blood cells
What stimulates erythropoietin production?
Hypoxia (condition of a decrease in the oxygen content of blood)
A condition that often accompanies serious kidney disease or kidney failure
Anemia (deficiency of red blood cells)
What does anemia result from?
Damaged kidneys’ inability to produce enough erythropoietin
Where is gastrin produced?
By the cells in the stomach wall
True or False: Gastrin is both produced and works in the stomach wall
True
What stimulates gastrin secretion?
Presence of food in the stomach
Gastrin stimulates gastric glands to secrete ____________ __________ and digestive enzymes
Hydrochloric acid
True or False: Gastrin does not have an effect on muscular contractions of the stomach wall
False - it encourages muscular contractions of the stomach wall
What 2 hormones are produced in the lining of the small intestine?
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
What triggers hormone secretion in the small intestine?
Presence of Chyme in the duodenum
What is Chyme?
Partially digested material
What does secretin stimulate?
Pancreas to secrete fluid to neutralize acidic chyme
What does CCK stimulate?
Pancreas to release digestive enzymes
What effects do both secretin and CCK have on the stomach?
Slow movement of chyme
Stimulate gall bladder to send bile to small intestine
What is the placenta?
Life-support system that surrounds developing fetus during pregnancy
Acts as interface with maternal circulation
What hormones are produced in the placenta that support and maintain pregnancy?
Estrogen
Progesterone
Chorionic Gonadotropin (horses and humans) in significant amounts
Relaxin (in some species)
What is the Thymus?
Organ that helps kick start the immune system early in an animal’s life
True or False: The thymus stays the same size as an animal grows?
False - Shrinks down and nearly disappears when animal reaches adulthood
What hormone-like chemical substances does the thymus produce?
Thymosin
Thymopoietin
What is the role of PGE’s? (E group of prostaglandins)
Initiate inflammation in the body
What is the role of PGF2alpha’s? (Prostaglandin F2alpha)
Given to female animals that have a functional corpus luteum in her ovary, it will quickly destroy it
When are PGF2alpha’s used?
To synchronize estrous cycles in livestock so that the group can be bred at the same time
