Endocrine: Hormones overview Flashcards
What are peptide hormones?
Consist of a few to 200 or more amino acids arranged like pearls in a necklace
What are some examples of peptide hormones?
Cacitonin
Cholecystokinin
Gastrin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
True or False: Polypeptide hormones are hydrophilic (soluble in water)
True - allows them to easily travel in the blood plasma, which is mostly water
What are steroid hormones?
Lipids that are synthesized from cholesterol
What are some examples of steroid hormones?
Androgens
Estrogens
Glucorticoid Hormones
Progestins
True or False: Steroid hormones are hydrophobic (insoluble in water)
True - must bind to hydrophilic transport proteins in order to travel in the plasma
What are monoamine hormones?
Derived from amino acids and retain an amino group, which gives the group its name
True or False: Monoamine hormones are hydrophobic
False - Catecholamines are hydrophilic / Thyroid hormones are hydrophobic
What are some examples of monoamine hormones?
Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Thyroid hormones
Hormone secretion is commonly controlled by what are called _____________ ____________
Feedback systems
(Level of hormone in the blood directly or indirectly “feeds back” to the gland that produced it and affects the activity of the gland)
What is negative feedback?
Activity is decreased by rising levels of the hormone
What is positive feedback?
Activity is increased by falling levels of the hormone
True or False: Positive feedback loops are the most common type in the animal body
False - Negative hormonal feedback systems
What is a hormone example of negative feedback?
Thyroid hormones
When level of TH drops below needed levels, the “thermostat setting”, the anterior pituitary produces more Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates thyroid gland to produce more of its hormone. Once required level is reached, TSH production is shut down
Hormones from the __________ of the adrenal gland does not use a feedback-related control mechanism
Medulla
