Reproductive: Female System

Question 1

Broad ligament that supports the ovary?

Answer 1

Mesovarium

Question 2

Broad ligament that supports the oviduct?

Answer 2

Mesoalpinx

Question 3

Broad ligament that supports the uterus?

Answer 3

Mesometrium

Question 4

What is oogenesis?

Answer 4

Process where ova (female gametes) are produced in follicles in the ovaries

Question 5

What is the primary progestin?

Answer 5

Progesterone

Question 6

Where are progestins produced?

Answer 6

Corpus luteum that develops from the empty follicle after ovulation

Question 7

Species that normally only give birth to one offspring at a time?

Answer 7

Uniparous (ovaries produce one mature ovum per cycle (ie. horses, cattle, humans))

Question 8

Species that give birth to litters of young

Answer 8

Multiparous (ovaries produce multiple ova per cycle (ie. cats, dogs, sows))

Question 9

Follicular cells of the developing follicle
Produce estrogenic hormones

Answer 9

Granulosa cells

Question 10

Blood filled remnant of the ovarian follicle immediately after ovulation

Answer 10

Corpus hemorrhagicum

Question 11

Normal part of each ovarian cycle
Not all follicles that were activated in a particular ovarian cycle fully develop and ovulate

Answer 11

Follicular atresia

Question 12

Funnel-like, enlarged opening at the ovarian end of each oviduct.
Designed to “catch” the ova during ovulation

Answer 12

Infundibulum

Question 13

Muscular, fingerlike projections that form the margin of the infundibulum

Answer 13

Fimbriae

Question 14

Composed mainly of simple columnar epithelium and simple tubular glands that secrete mucus and other substances

Answer 14

Endometrium

Question 15

Thickest layer of the wall, made up of layers of smooth muscle that give the uterus the strength to push the fetus out at parturition

Answer 15

Myometrium

Question 16

Outermost layer of the uterus, covered by the visceral layer of peritoneum

Answer 16

Perimetrium

Question 17

Muscular tube that extends caudally from the cervix and connects it with the vulva

Answer 17

Vagina

Question 18

Cycle continuously throughout the year if they are not pregnant. As soon as one cycle ends, another begins

Answer 18

Polyestrous (ie. cattle & swine)

Question 19

Some polyestrous animals that cycle continuously at certain times of the year and not at all at others

Answer 19

Seasonally polyestrous (ie. horses, sheep, cats)

Question 20

Animals that have two cycles per year, typically in spring and fall

Answer 20

Diestrous (ie. dogs)

Question 21

Animals that only have one cycle each year

Answer 21

Monoestrous (ie. foxes and mink)

Question 22

False pregnancy (exaggerated diestrous period, resulting in pseudocysis)
May look or act pregnant

Answer 22

Pseudopregnancy

Question 23

Which other ligaments help support the female reproductive tract?

Answer 23

Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Round ligament of the uterus

Question 24

The _______ are equivalent to ________ in the male

Answer 24

Ovaries; testes

Question 25

What is an ovariohysterectomy? (OVH)

Answer 25

Surgical procedure in which the ovaries, oviducts, and uterus are removed from the animal

Question 26

True or False: Oocytes are continually produced through a female's life

Answer 26

False - No, at or soon after birth, ovaries are seeded with tens of thousands of immature reproductive cells (oocytes). No more are produced the rest of their life

Question 27

Where is estrogen produced?

Answer 27

The ovaries - by cells of the developing ovarian follicles

Question 28

How does a primary follicle become a graafian follicle?

Answer 28

Estrogen at peak level. Oocyte sits in mound of cumulus oophorus, zona pellucida is surrounded by corona radiata

Question 29

What is an induced ovulator?

Answer 29

Breeding must take place before ovulation occurs

Question 30

What are two species that induced ovulation occurs?

Answer 30

Cats & Rabbits

Question 31

True of False: Oviducts are the same as fallopian tubes or uterine tubes

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is the function of the oviduct?

Answer 32

Role is to guide ova from the ovary to the uterus and to serve as the usual site for fertilization of the ova by spermatozoa

Question 33

Which 2 structures are found lining the lumen of the oviduct?

Answer 33

Infundibulum Fimbriae

Question 34

What are the 2 functions of the uterus?

Answer 34

Grow along with the developing offspring Return to its original size after birth

Question 35

What is the main function of the cervix?

Answer 35

To control access to the lumen of the uterus from the vagina

Question 36

True or False: The cervix is always open

Answer 36

False - Is only open during estrus and parturition

Question 37

What are the 3 main parts of the vulva?

Answer 37

Vestibule Clitoris Labia

Question 38

The entrance to the vagina from the outside world

Answer 38

Vestibule

Question 39

Located on the floor of the vestibule, a little nearer to the exterior than the urethral opening Equivalent to the male penis

Answer 39

Clitoris

Question 40

Forms the external boundary of the vulva

Answer 40

Labia

Question 41

Noun that is the name of the stage of the estrous cycle that is commonly referred to as the "heat period" when the female is sexually receptive to the male

Answer 41

Estrus

Question 42

Adjective used with the noun "cycle" to refer to the entire reproductive cycle in the females

Answer 42

Estrous

Question 43

What are the 5 stages of the estrous cycle?

Answer 43

Proestrus Estrus Metestrus Diestrus Anestrus

Question 44

Period of follicular development in the ovary Follicles begin developing and growing

Answer 44

Proestrus

Question 45

Heat period, or period of sexual receptivity in the female. Occurs when the estrogen level from the mature follicles reaches its peak

Answer 45

Estrus

Question 46

Period after ovulation, when the corpus luteum develops. Granulosa cells left in the now-empty follicle begin to multiply under continued stimulation from the LH

Answer 46

Metestrus

Question 47

Active luteal stage, when the corpus luteum has reached maximum size and exerts its maximum effect

Answer 47

Diestrus

Question 48

Period of temporary ovarian inactivity seen in seasonally polyestrous, diestrous and monoestrous animals. Period between breeding cycles, when the ovary essentially shuts down temporarily

Answer 48

Anestrus

Question 49

What do the epithelial cells undergo during proestrus?

Answer 49

Begins undergoing cornification/forming a layer of tough keratin on its surface to help protect against physical trauma of breeding that is about to occur

Question 50

What do the epithelial cells undergo during estrus?

Answer 50

Cornification reaches a peak