Beginning of Digestion

Question 1

What is the common name for pharynx?

Answer 1

Throat

Question 2

What are the “compartments” of the pharynx?

Answer 2

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx

Question 3

What is the pharynx?

Answer 3

Space where the digestive tract and respiratory tract cross

Question 4

What is the nasopharynx?

Answer 4

Section of the pharynx associated with the respiratory system. Connects to the trachea

Question 5

What is the oropharynx?

Answer 5

Section of the pharynx associated with the digestive system. Connects to the esophagus

Question 6

Part of the laryngeal cartilage that covers the glottis during swallowing to prevent food from being aspirated into the trachea

Answer 6

Epiglottis

Question 7

Structure that travels between the nasopharynx and the middle ear; equalizes atmospheric pressure

Answer 7

Eustachian tube

Question 8

Muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

Answer 8

Esophagus

Question 9

The inside of the esophagus is lined by a __________ that is formed into ________ to allow for expansion or dilation as necessary

Answer 9

Mucosa; folds

Question 10

A thickening at the gastric end of the esophagus

Answer 10

Cardiac Sphincter

Question 11

True or False: The cardiac sphicter prevents highly acidic contents of the stomach from backflowing into the esophagus

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Food that is sufficiently macerated and mixed with saliva is a _________

Answer 12

Bolus

Question 13

The term for swallowing

Answer 13

Deglutition

Question 14

Where is food transported to during deglutition?

Answer 14

Stomach (monogastric animals)
Reticulorumen (ruminants)

Question 15

What are the 3 phases to deglutition?

Answer 15

1. Voluntary - requires degree of consciousness
2. Pharyngeal Stage = involuntary reflex
3. Esophageal stage = involuntary

Question 16

Pattern of muscle contraction to move something along a tract

Answer 16

Peristalsis

Question 17

Where does peristalsis first occur in the digestion proess?

Answer 17

Esophagus

Question 18

Serous membrane that covers the surfaces of the organs in the abdominal cavity

Answer 18

Visceral Peritoneum

Question 19

Lining of the abdominal body wall

Answer 19

Parietal Peritoneum

Question 20

Forms Folds that connect the organs to the parietal peritoneum and to one another

Answer 20

Connecting peritoneum

Question 21

What are 3 types of connecting peritoneum?

Answer 21

Mesentery
Omentum
Ligaments

Question 22

Suspends the intestines from the abdominal wall; many blood vessels and nerves run through it

Answer 22

Mesentery

Question 23

Double-layered connecting peritoneum that links the stomach to the abdominal wall or other organs

Answer 23

Omentum

Question 24

Layer of the omentum that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the first part of the duodenum and the liver

Answer 24

Lesser Omentum

Question 25

Layer of the omentum that connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the dorsal abdominal wall; is considered the “lingerie” of the abdominal cavity

Answer 25

Greater omentum

Question 26

Purpose of the omentum is to store ______, and assist in _________ the abdomen

Answer 26

fat; insulating

Question 27

What are the basic functions of the stomach?

Answer 27

Storage of ingested food
Mechanical & Chemical breakdown of food
Production of intrinsic factor

Question 28

Type of digestion that mixes and kneads the food; reduces the size of the ingested particles to increase surface area available

Answer 28

Mechanical digestion

Question 29

Type of digestion that refers to the GI tract movements; which physically break food down into smaller particles

Answer 29

Mechanical digestion

Question 30

Type of digestion that results in the distribution of chemical bonds by the action of the enzymes and acids secreted in the stomach

Answer 30

Chemical digestion

Question 31

Food that leaves the stomach in semi-liquid form

Answer 31

Chyme