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Anatomy > Monogastric Digestion > Flashcards

Monogastric Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

What does monogastric mean?

A

Animals with a single or simple stomach with just one chamber

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2
Q

The stomach’s main blood supply is from the ________ __________

A

Celiac artery; first branch of the abdominal aorta

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3
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

Just behind the diaphragm in the left crainal abdomen

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4
Q

Veins leaving the stomach join the ______ ______ that travels to the _______

A

Portal vein; liver

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5
Q

True or False: The size or volume of the stomach does not vary.

A

False - varies depending on how full or empty it is

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6
Q

Transient folds of gastric mucosa, allow the stomach to expand when filled and increases surface area for absorption

A

Rugae

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7
Q

_______ ________ can develop from inadequate mucus production

A

Gastric ulcers

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8
Q

True or False: The luminal surface of the gastric mucosa can be either glandular, non-glandular or both

A

True

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9
Q

These Monogastric animals have composite stomachs (both glandular and non-glandular)

A

Horse
Pig

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10
Q

__________’s monogastric stomach contains only glandular tissue

A

Carnivore

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11
Q

What are the 3 basic regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia
Fundus
Pylorus

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12
Q

Part of the stomach where the esophagus enters; named due to proximity to the heart

A

Cardia

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13
Q

What is secreted in the cardia?

A

Thick layer of alkaline mucus to protect mucosa against gastric acid damage

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14
Q

Expands, dome-shaped, blind-ended sac adjacent to the cardia

A

Fundus

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15
Q

_______ are prominent in the fundus to help with expansion after a large meal

A

Rugae

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16
Q

Gastric glands that secrete hydrogen and chloride; form HCl in lumen of stomach

A

Parietal cells

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17
Q

Gastric glands that secrete intrinsic factor necessary for b12 absorption

A

Parietal cells

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18
Q

In cats, where is the intrinsic factor secreted?

A

Pancreas

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19
Q

Located in the fundic glandular region; secretes pepsinogen

A

Chief cell

20
Q

Is an inactive precursor form of the enzyme pepsin

A

Pepsinogen

21
Q

How is pepsinogen converted into pepsin?

A

By acidic environment of stomach created by hydrochloric acid (HCl)

22
Q

Pepsin is a _________ enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of proteins

A

Proteolytic

23
Q

Last glandular portion of stomach

A

Pyloric gland region

24
Q

The area continuous with the body of the stomach; acts like a pump

A

Pyloric antrum

25
Q

The stomach narrows into the ______ _______, terminating at the __________

A

Pyloric canal; pylorus

26
Q

Pylorus opens into the duodenum through circular muscle called ___________ ____________

A

Pyloric Sphincter

27
Q

What does the Pyloric Sphincter help determine?

A

Rate of gastric emptying

28
Q

Glands found in pyloric region; secretes mucus; gastrin hormone

A

G cells

29
Q

What are pacemaker cells?

A

Specialized smooth muscle cells located within the stomach and intestines

30
Q

What is the purpose of pacemaker cells?

A

Regulating the contraction of the gastric and intestinal smooth muscle

31
Q

Where are pacemaker cells located?

A

Lie at the junctions between the submucosa and the circular muscle extending the length of the gut

32
Q

What 3 substances stimulate secretions by glandular cells?

A

Acetylcholine
Gastrin
Histamine

33
Q

What cell secretes histamine?

A

Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL) in the gastric mucosa

34
Q

What secretes acetylcholine?

A

Cholinergic neurons

35
Q

What cells does acetylcholine stimulate?

A

Chief and parietal

36
Q

What cells do gastrin and histamine stimulate?

A

Parietal

37
Q

Phase of secretion that is activated when anticipating eating a meal

A

Cephalic

38
Q

Phase of secretion that is activated when food enters stomach

A

gastric

39
Q

During cephalic phase of secretion ____________ is released and binds to receptors

A

Acetylcholine

40
Q

What do parietal cells secrete during cephalic phase?

A

H and Cl ions

41
Q

What do Chief cells secrete during cephalic phase?

A

Pepsinogen into stomach

42
Q

What do G cells secrete during cephalic phase?

A

Gastrin

43
Q

What two secretions trigger ECL-cells to release histamine?

A

Gastrin
Acetylcholine

44
Q

The mixing chamber of the stomach

A

The body

45
Q

What 3 things control gastric motility?

A

Neurohumoral control
Neurotransmitters
Hormones

46
Q

What is emesis?

A

Vomiting; Protective mechanism that provides animals with the ability to remove harmful or toxic substances from the stomach or upper intestine

47
Q

How are carbohydrates broken down?

A

Via amylase primarily in the stomach but continued in small intestine by pancreatic amylase (animals without salivary amylase, breakdown only increase in small intestine)

Anatomy (17 decks)

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