Monogastric Digestion

Question 1

What does monogastric mean?

Answer 1

Animals with a single or simple stomach with just one chamber

Question 2

The stomach’s main blood supply is from the ________ __________

Answer 2

Celiac artery; first branch of the abdominal aorta

Question 3

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 3

Just behind the diaphragm in the left crainal abdomen

Question 4

Veins leaving the stomach join the ______ ______ that travels to the _______

Answer 4

Portal vein; liver

Question 5

True or False: The size or volume of the stomach does not vary.

Answer 5

False - varies depending on how full or empty it is

Question 6

Transient folds of gastric mucosa, allow the stomach to expand when filled and increases surface area for absorption

Answer 6

Rugae

Question 7

_______ ________ can develop from inadequate mucus production

Answer 7

Gastric ulcers

Question 8

True or False: The luminal surface of the gastric mucosa can be either glandular, non-glandular or both

Answer 8

True

Question 9

These Monogastric animals have composite stomachs (both glandular and non-glandular)

Answer 9

Horse
Pig

Question 10

__________’s monogastric stomach contains only glandular tissue

Answer 10

Carnivore

Question 11

What are the 3 basic regions of the stomach?

Answer 11

Cardia
Fundus
Pylorus

Question 12

Part of the stomach where the esophagus enters; named due to proximity to the heart

Answer 12

Cardia

Question 13

What is secreted in the cardia?

Answer 13

Thick layer of alkaline mucus to protect mucosa against gastric acid damage

Question 14

Expands, dome-shaped, blind-ended sac adjacent to the cardia

Answer 14

Fundus

Question 15

_______ are prominent in the fundus to help with expansion after a large meal

Answer 15

Rugae

Question 16

Gastric glands that secrete hydrogen and chloride; form HCl in lumen of stomach

Answer 16

Parietal cells

Question 17

Gastric glands that secrete intrinsic factor necessary for b12 absorption

Answer 17

Parietal cells

Question 18

In cats, where is the intrinsic factor secreted?

Answer 18

Pancreas

Question 19

Located in the fundic glandular region; secretes pepsinogen

Answer 19

Chief cell

Question 20

Is an inactive precursor form of the enzyme pepsin

Answer 20

Pepsinogen

Question 21

How is pepsinogen converted into pepsin?

Answer 21

By acidic environment of stomach created by hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Question 22

Pepsin is a _________ enzyme that begins the chemical digestion of proteins

Answer 22

Proteolytic

Question 23

Last glandular portion of stomach

Answer 23

Pyloric gland region

Question 24

The area continuous with the body of the stomach; acts like a pump

Answer 24

Pyloric antrum

Question 25

The stomach narrows into the ______ _______, terminating at the __________

Answer 25

Pyloric canal; pylorus

Question 26

Pylorus opens into the duodenum through circular muscle called ___________ ____________

Answer 26

Pyloric Sphincter

Question 27

What does the Pyloric Sphincter help determine?

Answer 27

Rate of gastric emptying

Question 28

Glands found in pyloric region; secretes mucus; gastrin hormone

Answer 28

G cells

Question 29

What are pacemaker cells?

Answer 29

Specialized smooth muscle cells located within the stomach and intestines

Question 30

What is the purpose of pacemaker cells?

Answer 30

Regulating the contraction of the gastric and intestinal smooth muscle

Question 31

Where are pacemaker cells located?

Answer 31

Lie at the junctions between the submucosa and the circular muscle extending the length of the gut

Question 32

What 3 substances stimulate secretions by glandular cells?

Answer 32

Acetylcholine Gastrin Histamine

Question 33

What cell secretes histamine?

Answer 33

Enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL) in the gastric mucosa

Question 34

What secretes acetylcholine?

Answer 34

Cholinergic neurons

Question 35

What cells does acetylcholine stimulate?

Answer 35

Chief and parietal

Question 36

What cells do gastrin and histamine stimulate?

Answer 36

Parietal

Question 37

Phase of secretion that is activated when anticipating eating a meal

Answer 37

Cephalic

Question 38

Phase of secretion that is activated when food enters stomach

Answer 38

gastric

Question 39

During cephalic phase of secretion ____________ is released and binds to receptors

Answer 39

Acetylcholine

Question 40

What do parietal cells secrete during cephalic phase?

Answer 40

H and Cl ions

Question 41

What do Chief cells secrete during cephalic phase?

Answer 41

Pepsinogen into stomach

Question 42

What do G cells secrete during cephalic phase?

Answer 42

Gastrin

Question 43

What two secretions trigger ECL-cells to release histamine?

Answer 43

Gastrin Acetylcholine

Question 44

The mixing chamber of the stomach

Answer 44

The body

Question 45

What 3 things control gastric motility?

Answer 45

Neurohumoral control Neurotransmitters Hormones

Question 46

What is emesis?

Answer 46

Vomiting; Protective mechanism that provides animals with the ability to remove harmful or toxic substances from the stomach or upper intestine

Question 47

How are carbohydrates broken down?

Answer 47

Via amylase primarily in the stomach but continued in small intestine by pancreatic amylase (animals without salivary amylase, breakdown only increase in small intestine)