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Human Physiology > Reproduction Revealed 10-12 > Flashcards

Reproduction Revealed 10-12 Flashcards

1
Q

Most reliable form of birth control

A

abstinence

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2
Q

Ways to chart ovulation

A

mittelschmerz, basal body temp, spinnbarkeit, changes in raising/lowering cervix, mood changes

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3
Q

Oral contraceptives contain what?

A

estrogen and progesterone

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4
Q

Ovulation never occurs because the entire cycle is a like

A

a false luteal phase

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5
Q

When is conception most likely to take place?

A

1-2 days before conception

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6
Q

What method involves measuring basal body temp upon waking to determine when ovulation occured

A

the rhythm method

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7
Q

Andy refers to the luteal phase as

A

the honeymoon phase

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8
Q

Barrier methods for birth control

A

diaphragm, cervical cap both with spermicide

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9
Q

Female equivalent of a vasectomy

A

tubal ligation

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10
Q

During postmenopausal years, the ovaries

A

are depleted of follicles and stop secreting estradiol and inhibin

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11
Q

only estrogen found in postmenopausal women and cells that make it

A

estrone, mesenchymal

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12
Q

What produces the “Hot flashes”

A

vasomotor disturbance

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13
Q

the ability of 10% of sperm to fertilize an ovum

A

capacitation

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14
Q

The pH of sperm cytoplasm _____ and activates ___ in the flagellum

A

d\increases, dynein

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15
Q

Rise in pH opens what channels to allow what to enter?

A

Catsper, calcium

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16
Q

What guides the sperm toward the ovum?

A

chemotaxis, thermotaxis

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17
Q

Binding the sperm with the zona pellucida triggers what?

A

acrosome reaction and entry of calcium

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18
Q

Fertilization stimulates what change in the ER of the oocyte?

A

Ca2+ wave

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19
Q

The fertilization of the egg with many sperm

A

polyspermy

20
Q

a single zygote that splits to become 2 embryos

A

monozygotic

21
Q

All mitochondiral DNA is inherited from

A

mother’s oocyte

22
Q

In vitro fertilization giving a woman injection of what to stimulate what?

A

gonadotropin, ovarian hyperstimulation

23
Q

Fertilization of the oocytes in vitro fertilization is produced by

A

intracytoplasmic sperm injection, injection straight through the zona pellucida

24
Q

When egg implants outside of the womb

A

ectopic pregnancy

25
Q

can terminate pregnancy with what chemotherapy drug?

A

methotrexate

26
Q

Where was the embryo implanted in the vital signs article?

A

muscular wall of the uterus

27
Q

The third cleavage produces a

A

morula

28
Q

2 parts of a blastocyst

A

inner cell mass, surrounding chorion

29
Q

What cells form the chorion

A

trophoblast cells

30
Q

On the _____ day the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall with the ____ positioned against the endometrium

A

6th, inner cell mass

31
Q

Another word for implantation

A

nidation

32
Q

Most of lost pregnancies are due to

A

failure of implantation

33
Q

Pregnancy tests use ____ to detect ______

A

monoclonal antibodies, human chorionic gonadotropin

34
Q

What hormone is hCG identical to and what effect does it have

A

lutenizing, maintains corpus luteum so no fall in estradiol or progesterone

35
Q

The chorion splits into 2 layers called

A

cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

36
Q

What layter of the inner cell mass with become the nervous system and skin?

A

ectoderm

37
Q

Leafy appering structure formed from the cytotrophoblast

A

chorion frondosum

38
Q

If perfusion of the uterus is inadequate then what happens

A

preeclampsia

39
Q

The placenta prodces peripheral generation of Treg cells why

A

its immunologically privelaged

40
Q

maternal tissue in contact with the chorion frondosum

A

decidua basalis

41
Q

What two things form the placenta

A

chrion frondosum and decidua basalis

42
Q

Why can amniocentesis help early detection of disease in fetus

A

because the fluid contains the genetic composition of the cells

43
Q

microscopic observation of chrmomsomes

A

karyotyping

44
Q

biochemical analysis of dna using

A

chromosomal microarrays

45
Q

Abnormal number of chromosomes occurs in what two disorders

A

Down’s syndrome and Turner’s syndrome

46
Q

What provides larger numbers of fetal cells than amniocentesis and can be performed earlier in pregnancy

A

chorionic villus sampling

47
Q

Mother’s blood plasma can now test for

A

sex of fetus

Human Physiology (17 decks)

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