Lympatic System #2 Flashcards

1
Q

disease similar to smallpox but less virulent

A

cowpox

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2
Q

ability to cause disease

A

virulence

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3
Q

Person is exposed by normal contact and is infected

A

naturally acquired active immunity

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4
Q

Transplacental transfer is an example of

A

Naturally acquire passive immunity

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5
Q

What is passed in the breast milk that contains antibodies?

A

colostrum

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6
Q

A vaccine is an example of

A

artificially acquired active immunity

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7
Q

Transfer of humoral antibodies like antivenin

A

artificially acquired passive immunity

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8
Q

What does the latent period before measurable amounts of specific antibodies appear and how long does it take?

A

5-10 days primary response

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9
Q

Subsequent exposure of one person to the same antigen results in _____ produced by _______

A

secondary response, B cells (memory cells)

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10
Q

The ability of B cells to inherit the ability to produce specific antibodies explains

A

clonal selection theory

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11
Q

Most abundant lymphocytes in an adult

A

memory t cells

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12
Q

How does a germinal center develop?

A

From a B cell that has been stimulated by an antigen and activated by Helper T cell

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13
Q

Proliferating B cells in a germinal center under go ______ which generates a diversity of new antibodies

A

somatic hypermutation

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14
Q

Develop of a secondary response provides ____ against specific pathogens

A

active immunity

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15
Q

The first successful polio vaccine

A

the salk vaccine

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16
Q

oral vaccine that used to cause polio

A

sabin

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17
Q

What 3 ways can vaccines be produced

A

live viruses with weakened virulence, killed viruses, recombinant viral proteins

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18
Q

molecules that can boost the immune response when delivered with the vaccine

A

adjuvants

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19
Q

adjuvants work because dendritic cells have ____ receptors that bind to what?

A

pattern recognition recepters, pathogen associated molecular patters and damage associated molecular patterns

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20
Q

Thyroglobin in the thyroid is an example of a

A

immunilogically privelaged site

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21
Q

antibodies made against self antigens are called

A

autoantibodies

22
Q

Killer T cells that attck self antigens are called

A

autoreactive T cells

23
Q

The two mechanisms of immunological tolerance

A

clonal deletion and clonal anergy

24
Q

autoimmune disease may occur because of

A

failure of t regulatory cells

25
the ability of mount a specific immune response that does not occur until a month after birth
immunological competence
26
What creates the great IgG diversity in intravenous immunoglobulin therapy?
plasma taken from many different people
27
animal injected with an antigen are used to obtain _______
monoclonal antibodies
28
B lymphocytes combined with a cancerous myeloma cell in vitra produces a
hybridoma
29
Drug used to treat non hodgekins lymphoma
rituximab
30
Blocks binding of vascular endothelial growth factor and treats what
Avastin (bevacizumab), colorectal, lung, kidney and brain cancer
31
Harvesting patients T cells to combat cancer
adoptive cell transfer
32
Treatment used specifically for melanomas
Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte therapy
33
What happens in chimeric antigen receptor therapy?
patient's own t cells are given artificially created t cell receptor to target tumor antigens
34
natural killer cells are part of the ____ immune system
innate
35
How are natural killer cells like/dislike killer t cells
can destroy cells from cell to cell contact but they also can do with withot prior exposure to foreign antigens
36
Autoantibodies developed against lens protein in a damaged eye may cause destruction of a healthy eye
sympathetic opthalmia
37
autodestruction of the thyroid
hashimoto's thyroiditis
38
Drug induced thrombocytopenia purpura is an example of
a self antigent hat is usually tolerated but may be altered by combining with a forein antigen
39
IgM antibodies attack IgG antibodies
rheumatoid arthritis
40
What two disorder can occur from antibodies produced in response to streptococcus cross reacting with self antigens?
glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever
41
What do thyroid cells present in Grave's disease
class 2 MHC molecules
42
Beta cells of pancreatic islets abnormally producing class 2 MHC molecules
type 1 diabetes
43
Inadequate expression of what gene may lead to autoimmune disease, and why?
FOXP3, helps convert T lymphocytes to reg T cells
44
Antigen antibody combinations that are free rather than attached to bacterial/other cells
immune complexes
45
What causes the damage to arteries in hepatitis B
immune complex disease (periarteritis)
46
What are rheumatoid factors?
IgM antibodies that bind to the Fc portion of IgG antibodies and create immune complexes
47
What helps diagnose SLE?
antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
48
What usually kills people with SLE
immne comlexes in glomerular capillaries (glomerulonephritis)
49
What surgical procedure initially removed the man's melanoma in disappearing act?
Moh's micrographic surgery
50
Treatment that boosts body's immune system against tumors
interferon alpha therapy
51
What cured Danial?
radiation therapy in his hip, abscopal phenomenom