Lympatic System #2 Flashcards
disease similar to smallpox but less virulent
cowpox
ability to cause disease
virulence
Person is exposed by normal contact and is infected
naturally acquired active immunity
Transplacental transfer is an example of
Naturally acquire passive immunity
What is passed in the breast milk that contains antibodies?
colostrum
A vaccine is an example of
artificially acquired active immunity
Transfer of humoral antibodies like antivenin
artificially acquired passive immunity
What does the latent period before measurable amounts of specific antibodies appear and how long does it take?
5-10 days primary response
Subsequent exposure of one person to the same antigen results in _____ produced by _______
secondary response, B cells (memory cells)
The ability of B cells to inherit the ability to produce specific antibodies explains
clonal selection theory
Most abundant lymphocytes in an adult
memory t cells
How does a germinal center develop?
From a B cell that has been stimulated by an antigen and activated by Helper T cell
Proliferating B cells in a germinal center under go ______ which generates a diversity of new antibodies
somatic hypermutation
Develop of a secondary response provides ____ against specific pathogens
active immunity
The first successful polio vaccine
the salk vaccine
oral vaccine that used to cause polio
sabin
What 3 ways can vaccines be produced
live viruses with weakened virulence, killed viruses, recombinant viral proteins
molecules that can boost the immune response when delivered with the vaccine
adjuvants
adjuvants work because dendritic cells have ____ receptors that bind to what?
pattern recognition recepters, pathogen associated molecular patters and damage associated molecular patterns
Thyroglobin in the thyroid is an example of a
immunilogically privelaged site
antibodies made against self antigens are called
autoantibodies
Killer T cells that attck self antigens are called
autoreactive T cells
The two mechanisms of immunological tolerance
clonal deletion and clonal anergy
autoimmune disease may occur because of
failure of t regulatory cells
the ability of mount a specific immune response that does not occur until a month after birth
immunological competence
What creates the great IgG diversity in intravenous immunoglobulin therapy?
plasma taken from many different people
animal injected with an antigen are used to obtain _______
monoclonal antibodies
B lymphocytes combined with a cancerous myeloma cell in vitra produces a
hybridoma
Drug used to treat non hodgekins lymphoma
rituximab
Blocks binding of vascular endothelial growth factor and treats what
Avastin (bevacizumab), colorectal, lung, kidney and brain cancer
Harvesting patients T cells to combat cancer
adoptive cell transfer
Treatment used specifically for melanomas
Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte therapy
What happens in chimeric antigen receptor therapy?
patient’s own t cells are given artificially created t cell receptor to target tumor antigens
natural killer cells are part of the ____ immune system
innate
How are natural killer cells like/dislike killer t cells
can destroy cells from cell to cell contact but they also can do with withot prior exposure to foreign antigens
Autoantibodies developed against lens protein in a damaged eye may cause destruction of a healthy eye
sympathetic opthalmia
autodestruction of the thyroid
hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Drug induced thrombocytopenia purpura is an example of
a self antigent hat is usually tolerated but may be altered by combining with a forein antigen
IgM antibodies attack IgG antibodies
rheumatoid arthritis
What two disorder can occur from antibodies produced in response to streptococcus cross reacting with self antigens?
glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever
What do thyroid cells present in Grave’s disease
class 2 MHC molecules
Beta cells of pancreatic islets abnormally producing class 2 MHC molecules
type 1 diabetes
Inadequate expression of what gene may lead to autoimmune disease, and why?
FOXP3, helps convert T lymphocytes to reg T cells
Antigen antibody combinations that are free rather than attached to bacterial/other cells
immune complexes
What causes the damage to arteries in hepatitis B
immune complex disease (periarteritis)
What are rheumatoid factors?
IgM antibodies that bind to the Fc portion of IgG antibodies and create immune complexes
What helps diagnose SLE?
antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
What usually kills people with SLE
immne comlexes in glomerular capillaries (glomerulonephritis)
What surgical procedure initially removed the man’s melanoma in disappearing act?
Moh’s micrographic surgery
Treatment that boosts body’s immune system against tumors
interferon alpha therapy
What cured Danial?
radiation therapy in his hip, abscopal phenomenom
