Exam 1 Flashcards
Where is most of the total body water, and what percent resides there?
67%, intracellular or within the cytoplasm
Where is the majority of the extracellular body water?
Tissue fluid, or interstitial fluid (80%)
Where is 20% of the extracellular body water contained?
blood plasma
What is excess fluid in the part of the body that contains 80% of the extracellular body water called?
edema
What mediates exchange of molecules between blood and cells?
the interstitial fluid
What is the extracellular matrix composed of?
elastin and collagen, ground substance
What is the gel-like material of the ECM composed of?
glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (or mucopolysaccharides)
What provides the structural strengths to connective tissues?
collagen and elastin (iron bars)
What is one type of protein that contribues the the basal lamina of epithelial membranes?
Collagen IV
How does the basal lamina wed the epithelium to underlying connective tissues?
Forms chemical bonds between carbohydrates from the outside of the PM of epithelial cells and the glycoproteins/proteoglycans of the ECM in connective tissues
What is the glue between cells and the ECM and how does it work?
integrins (glycoprotein), extends form cytoskeleton through the PM and into the ECM
What 2 diseases are exacerbated by an enzyme that requires zinc ion cofactor and what is the protein called?
Cancer and arthritis, matrix metaloproteinases (MMP)
What types of molecules pass easily through a phospholipid bilayer?
nonpolar
What is the difference between channels and carriers?
Channels open or close, carriers change configuration
What are 2 types of carrier mediated transport?
Facilitated diffusion, active transport
What are 3 types of non carrier mediated transport and what do they pass through?
Simple diffusion- lipid soluble
Simple diffusion of ios- membrane channels
Simple diffusion of water- aquaporin channels
What kind of processes are included in passive transport?
All non carrier mediated transport and facilitated diffusion
What kind of transport uses pumps and which direction does it move on the concentration gradient?
active transport, against
What powers active transport?
ATP
What is the driving force of diffusion?
Brownian motion
What is the difference between diffusion and net diffusion?
Net diffusion involves the net movement until the concentration difference no longer exists, diffusion is just mostion
How are microwaves related to diffusion?
They speed up the molecular motion of water to generate heat
Why can O2 molecules or steroid molecules pass easily through a phospholipid bilayer?
They are non polar/ lipid soluble
Plasma membranes regulate the movement of what part(s) of a solution?
solutes and solvents