Reproduction #13-15 Flashcards
What delivers fetal blood to the placenta and where?
Umbilical arteries, chorion frondosum
What returns blood to the fetus?
umbilical veins
What links the fetus and the outside world?
placenta
What protein hormones are secreted by the placenta
chrorionic gonadotropin, growth hormone variant (or placental growth hormone) and chorionic somatomammotropin (placental lactogen)
What hormones produce a diabetic like effect in pregnmant women
chorionic somatomammotropin and growth hormone from mother’s pituitary
What cells provide increased insulin in a pregnant woman and why?
beta cells in pancretaic islents, prevent gestational diabetes
What does the placenta secrete to calm the uterus during pregnancy
progesterone
What functions together to produce steroid hormones
fetal-placental unit
weak estrogen secreted by fetus
estriol
What stimulates labor?
oxytocin and prostaglandins
What relaxes the cervix and softens the pubic symphysis
relaxin
Why put the baby to the mothers nipple immediately after birth?
to stimulate oxytocin release which prevents hemorrhaging
What preventative measure can be taken in the off chance bone marrow is destroyed later in life?
cord blood banking
Why prick a newborn’s heel?
genetic screening of neonates
Another name for false labor contraction
braxton hicks contractions
What is unique about the onset and continuation of labor
it’s a positive feedback loop
When contractions occur every 15-20 minutes for 40 seconds or longer
true labor
What releases oxytocin
posterior pituitary
What induces uterine contractions
stretching of the cervix
Stretching of the cervix brings about what?
the release of oxytocin
What stimulates uterine muscles
oxytocin and prostaglandins
rupture of the amniotic sac is called
bilateral shoe sign or breaking the bag of waters
When does effacement occur and what is it?
the first stage of birth, lower part of uterus is pulled towards fetus’ head
When does the first stage of parturition end?
when the cervix is dilated to 10cm
