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Human Physiology > Reproduction #13-15 > Flashcards

Reproduction #13-15 Flashcards

1
Q

What delivers fetal blood to the placenta and where?

A

Umbilical arteries, chorion frondosum

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2
Q

What returns blood to the fetus?

A

umbilical veins

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3
Q

What links the fetus and the outside world?

A

placenta

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4
Q

What protein hormones are secreted by the placenta

A

chrorionic gonadotropin, growth hormone variant (or placental growth hormone) and chorionic somatomammotropin (placental lactogen)

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5
Q

What hormones produce a diabetic like effect in pregnmant women

A

chorionic somatomammotropin and growth hormone from mother’s pituitary

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6
Q

What cells provide increased insulin in a pregnant woman and why?

A

beta cells in pancretaic islents, prevent gestational diabetes

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7
Q

What does the placenta secrete to calm the uterus during pregnancy

A

progesterone

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8
Q

What functions together to produce steroid hormones

A

fetal-placental unit

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9
Q

weak estrogen secreted by fetus

A

estriol

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10
Q

What stimulates labor?

A

oxytocin and prostaglandins

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11
Q

What relaxes the cervix and softens the pubic symphysis

A

relaxin

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12
Q

Why put the baby to the mothers nipple immediately after birth?

A

to stimulate oxytocin release which prevents hemorrhaging

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13
Q

What preventative measure can be taken in the off chance bone marrow is destroyed later in life?

A

cord blood banking

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14
Q

Why prick a newborn’s heel?

A

genetic screening of neonates

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15
Q

Another name for false labor contraction

A

braxton hicks contractions

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16
Q

What is unique about the onset and continuation of labor

A

it’s a positive feedback loop

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17
Q

When contractions occur every 15-20 minutes for 40 seconds or longer

A

true labor

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18
Q

What releases oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary

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19
Q

What induces uterine contractions

A

stretching of the cervix

20
Q

Stretching of the cervix brings about what?

A

the release of oxytocin

21
Q

What stimulates uterine muscles

A

oxytocin and prostaglandins

22
Q

rupture of the amniotic sac is called

A

bilateral shoe sign or breaking the bag of waters

23
Q

When does effacement occur and what is it?

A

the first stage of birth, lower part of uterus is pulled towards fetus’ head

24
Q

When does the first stage of parturition end?

A

when the cervix is dilated to 10cm

25
Q

What assists cervical dilation

A

the fetus’ head

26
Q

What accompanies frequent contractions and movement down the canal of the fetus

A

valsalva’s maneuver

27
Q

babies born inside amniotic sac

A

en caul

28
Q

What is performed to enlarge the vaginal oriface?

A

episiotomy

29
Q

How does the fetus aid in the birthing process?

A

head molds

30
Q

When does active labor begin

A

when cervix is dilated to 6cm

31
Q

What happens in the 3rd stage of partuition?

A

placenta “after birth” is delivered

32
Q

baby born feet first

A

breech birth

33
Q

What is the greasy cheese like substance on a newborn?

A

vernix caseosa

34
Q

What is the green past that is excreted by a newborn

A

meconium

35
Q

What duct drains at the tip of the nipple?

A

lactiferous duct

36
Q

Where does milk accumulate during nursing

A

ampula

37
Q

What stimulates the mammary glads after parturition to produce milk protein

A

prolactin from anterior pituitary

38
Q

What controls the secretion of hormone that produces milk protein and where is this released from?

A

prolactin inhibiting hormone (dopamine), hypothalamo hypophyseal portal of vessels

39
Q

What hormone aids milk ejection and what is this called

A

oxytocin, milk ejection reflex or milk letdon

40
Q

What drugs can inhibit prolactic secretion?

A

estrogen or bromocriptine

41
Q

The relationship between nursing and prolactin secretion

A

neuroendocrine reflex

42
Q

What provides passive immunity to the baby for the first 3-12 months after birth

A

IgG from the mothers blood

43
Q

What do infants receive from the mother’s milk that aids immunity?

A

IgA

44
Q

How can breast feeding help space out births?

A

it may inhibit gonadotropin releasing hormone from the ant. pit

45
Q

Besides immunity, what is another benefit to newborn breast feeding?

A

may affect insulin levels and reduce development of diabetes and obesity

Human Physiology (17 decks)

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