Reproduction #13-15 Flashcards
What delivers fetal blood to the placenta and where?
Umbilical arteries, chorion frondosum
What returns blood to the fetus?
umbilical veins
What links the fetus and the outside world?
placenta
What protein hormones are secreted by the placenta
chrorionic gonadotropin, growth hormone variant (or placental growth hormone) and chorionic somatomammotropin (placental lactogen)
What hormones produce a diabetic like effect in pregnmant women
chorionic somatomammotropin and growth hormone from mother’s pituitary
What cells provide increased insulin in a pregnant woman and why?
beta cells in pancretaic islents, prevent gestational diabetes
What does the placenta secrete to calm the uterus during pregnancy
progesterone
What functions together to produce steroid hormones
fetal-placental unit
weak estrogen secreted by fetus
estriol
What stimulates labor?
oxytocin and prostaglandins
What relaxes the cervix and softens the pubic symphysis
relaxin
Why put the baby to the mothers nipple immediately after birth?
to stimulate oxytocin release which prevents hemorrhaging
What preventative measure can be taken in the off chance bone marrow is destroyed later in life?
cord blood banking
Why prick a newborn’s heel?
genetic screening of neonates
Another name for false labor contraction
braxton hicks contractions
What is unique about the onset and continuation of labor
it’s a positive feedback loop
When contractions occur every 15-20 minutes for 40 seconds or longer
true labor
What releases oxytocin
posterior pituitary
What induces uterine contractions
stretching of the cervix
Stretching of the cervix brings about what?
the release of oxytocin
What stimulates uterine muscles
oxytocin and prostaglandins
rupture of the amniotic sac is called
bilateral shoe sign or breaking the bag of waters
When does effacement occur and what is it?
the first stage of birth, lower part of uterus is pulled towards fetus’ head
When does the first stage of parturition end?
when the cervix is dilated to 10cm
What assists cervical dilation
the fetus’ head
What accompanies frequent contractions and movement down the canal of the fetus
valsalva’s maneuver
babies born inside amniotic sac
en caul
What is performed to enlarge the vaginal oriface?
episiotomy
How does the fetus aid in the birthing process?
head molds
When does active labor begin
when cervix is dilated to 6cm
What happens in the 3rd stage of partuition?
placenta “after birth” is delivered
baby born feet first
breech birth
What is the greasy cheese like substance on a newborn?
vernix caseosa
What is the green past that is excreted by a newborn
meconium
What duct drains at the tip of the nipple?
lactiferous duct
Where does milk accumulate during nursing
ampula
What stimulates the mammary glads after parturition to produce milk protein
prolactin from anterior pituitary
What controls the secretion of hormone that produces milk protein and where is this released from?
prolactin inhibiting hormone (dopamine), hypothalamo hypophyseal portal of vessels
What hormone aids milk ejection and what is this called
oxytocin, milk ejection reflex or milk letdon
What drugs can inhibit prolactic secretion?
estrogen or bromocriptine
The relationship between nursing and prolactin secretion
neuroendocrine reflex
What provides passive immunity to the baby for the first 3-12 months after birth
IgG from the mothers blood
What do infants receive from the mother’s milk that aids immunity?
IgA
How can breast feeding help space out births?
it may inhibit gonadotropin releasing hormone from the ant. pit
Besides immunity, what is another benefit to newborn breast feeding?
may affect insulin levels and reduce development of diabetes and obesity
