Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Physiology > Cardiac Output, Blood flow, BP #2 > Flashcards

Cardiac Output, Blood flow, BP #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Myoglobin in the myocardium stores O2 during ____ and releases it during ______

A

diastole, systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F the heart always respires aerobically

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is increased oxygen requirements met in the heart?

A

corresponding increase in coronary blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do coronary arterioles contain that promote vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

alpha/beta andrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

norepinephrine stimulates what receptors to promote what action in the heart?

A

alpha adrenergic, vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

epinephrine stimulates what receptors to promote what action in the heart?

A

beta adrenergic, vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How to diagnose coronary artery disease?

A

coronary angiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do you have to insert a stent during an angiogram?

A

to prevent restenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a stent was not effective for coronary artery disease what could you do?

A

coronary bypass grafting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What causes vasodilation and decreased resistance of coronary circulation during exercise?

A

sympathoadrenal system and intrinsic metabolic changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does exercise training affect coronary arterioles?

A

increases density coronary arterioles , decreases compression of coronary vessels in systole and increases production of nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is increased by increased contractility from sympathoadrenal stimulation

A

ejection fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does endurance training effect cardiac rate and stroke volume?

A

lowers cardiac rate and increases resting stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cerebral blood flow is regulate by _____ and is relatively_____ while cutaneous blood flow is regulated by _____ and is relatively ______

A

intrinsic, constant, extrinsic, variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what functions together to promote neurovascular coupling?

A

neurons, astrocytes and arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

active neurons receive more oxygen and glucose for their increased needs?

A

functional hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cerebral blood flow is regulated almost exclusively by

A

local intrinsic mechanism (autoregulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to end diastolic volume during exercise and why?

A

it does not decreae because venous return is aided by improved movement of skeletal and respiratory pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What regulates variation in systemic arterial pressure?

A

myogenic regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does hypoventilation affect cerebral arteries?

A

they dilate as CO2 rises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Total cerebral blood flow is _____ but the distribution is ______

A

constant, variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

brain regions with the highest _______ receive the most blood flow

A

metabolic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What test monitors distribution of cerebral blood flow?

A

positron emission tomography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What vessels are found mostly in fingertips, palms, toes, soles, ears, nose and lips and what function do they perform?

A

arteriovenous anastomoses, shunt blood directly from arterioles to deep venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why does skin appear rosy despite reduced cutaneous blood flow in cold weather?
blood is diverted to superficial capillary loops
26
When blood flow to skin is so severely restricted because of the cold that tissue dies
frostbite
27
What stimulates cutanous vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
sympathetic nerves
28
What do sweat galnds secrete to stimulate vasodilation?
bradykin (a polypeptide)
29
During exercise, cutaneous vessels are _____ and exercising muscle vessels are ______
dilated, dilated
30
low total peripheral resistance and a fall in cardiac output post exercise can lead to ?
fainting, loss of consciousness
31
What are the most important variables affecting blood pressure?
cardiac rate, stroke volume (determined by blood volume) and total peripheral resistance
32
What two things regulate blood pressure?
kidneys and sympathoadrenal system
33
Where are baroceptors located and what kind of receptors are they?
stretch receptors, aortic arch and carotid sinuses
34
What cranial nerves are involved with baroceptors and where do these nerves report?
vagus (X) and glossopharangeal (IX), medulla oblongata
35
What center regulates total peripheral resistance and what center regulates cardiac rate?
vasomotor control center, cardiac control center
36
What are the effectors of the baroceptor reflex?
sympathetic axons to the heart and blood vessels
37
What regulates blood pressure long term?
the kidneys via blood volume regulation
38
How can one reduce tachycardia manually?
massage the carotid sinus
39
Low BP when standing
orthostatic (postural) hypotension
40
IN elederly people BP falls after eating
postpranadial hypotension
41
killled elvis
cardiac arryhthmia from barbituates, reduced HR, increased thoracic pressure, valsalva maneuver
42
When is the brachial artery quiet?
before bp cuff is inflated or if the bp cuff is too tight and cuts off blood supply (about 140 mm pressure)
43
When blood flows smoothly and doesn't produce vibration
laminar flow
44
When blood flow causes vibrations or sounds
turbulent flow
45
sounds heard when taking bp
korotkoff sounds
46
When is the first korotkoff sound heard
When cuff pressure is equal to systolic pressure
47
the difference between diastolic and systolic pressure
pulse pressure
48
Hypertension as a result of a disease
secondary hypertension
49
What is the most common type of hypertension?
primary (essential) hypertension
50
What dietary habit can increase bp and how?
high salt intake, increased plasma osmolality thus adh secretion
51
What 2 hormones affect bp the most?
antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone
52
What is the "final common pathway" in essential hypertension?
kidney function
53
how does dietary potassium influence salt intake and hypertension?
higher potassium levels can reduce the ability of salt to cause hypertension
54
What disorder is characterized by thrombocytopenia an proteinuria
preeclampsia (toxemia of pregnancy)
55
What medication can decrease hypertension by influencing blood volume?
diuretic
56
What medication lowers cardiac rate to decrease BP?
beta adrenergic receptor blockers (like atenolol)
57
What drugs reduce vasoconstriction to treat high bp?
Angiotensis converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE)and angiotension II receptor blockers (ARB)
58
What drug blocks the production of aldosterone
angiotension II receptor blockers
59
circulatory shock due to low blood volume
hypovolemic shock
60
Causes of hypovolemic shock
hemorrhage, dehydration, burns
61
When entering hypovolemic shock, decreased BP and cardiac output leads to what?
activation of baroceptor reflex--> tachycardia and vasoconstriction
62
Decreased blood flow through kidneys stimulates what?
renin secretion and activation of the renin angiotension aldosterone system
63
Symptoms of hypovolemic shock
low bp, rapid pulse, cold clammy skin, reduced urine output
64
What can commonly cause septic shock
endotoxin or gram negative shock
65
What does endotoxin activate to produce a fall in BP?
nitric oxide synthase
66
anaphylactic shock from an allergic reaction results from
widespread release of histamine
67
upper spinal cord damage or spinal anesthesia can lead to
neurogenic shock
68
cardiac failure leads to what kind of shock?
cardiogenic shock
69
Common causes of left ventricular heart failure
myocardial infarction, aortic valve stenosis and incompetence of the aortic and mitral valves
70
How does excessive potassium affect the heart?
decreases resting membrane potential of myocardial cells and cause heart to stop in diastole
71
How does high calcium affect the heart?
increases excitation, arrests heart in systole
72
Why do we use the word congestive with heart failure?
failure of the ventricles increases venous volume and pressure, and causes edema in their respective destinations (systemic or pulmonary)
73
Compensatory responses of CHF are similar to what?
hypovolemic shock
74
Low blood pressure usually leads to syncope so that gravity can bring blood to the brain, but what happens if the body remains upright?
telephone booth syncope, cardiac arrest
75
Researchers found women with preeclampsia were more likely to have what in their bloodstreams?
intact fetal cells
76
Stress induced heart failure
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, broken heart syndrome

Human Physiology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions