reproduction pass medicine questions

Question 1

gestational diabetes

Answer 1

• test with oral glucose intolerance test
• carbohydrate intolerance developing during pregnancy
• associated with macrosomia, shoulder dystocia and polyhydraminos

polyhydraminos is excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid

Question 2

Ebstein’s anomaly of the heart occurs due to…

Answer 2

lithium use in pregnancy

Question 3

what ligament attaches uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic wall?

Answer 3

broad ligament

Question 4

macrosomia

Answer 4

baby who is born larger than average for their gestational age

Question 5

adenomyosis

Answer 5

presence of endometrium in myometrium

presents:

• menorrhagia (heavy bleeding)
• dysmenorrhoea (painful periods)

Question 6

scrotum drains into the…

Answer 6

inguinal lymph nodes

Question 7

glans penis and prostate drain into

Answer 7

external iliac nodes

Question 8

testes drains into

Answer 8

para-aortic nodes

Question 9

tunica vaginalis derived from what structure

Answer 9

peritoneum

Question 10

what is the normal type of epithelium lining the ectocervix?

Answer 10

stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

Question 11

endocervix lined with

Answer 11

mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium

Question 12

menopause indicated by

Answer 12

• high FSH and LH

- low oestrogen

Question 13

what hormone stimulates milk contraction by triggering contraction of the myoepithelial cells of the alveoli of the mammary glands

Answer 13

oxytocin

Question 14

up to what stage of oogenesis do cells develop in utero?

Answer 14

prophase 1

Question 15

which stage are secondary oocytes held until fertilisation?

Answer 15

metaphase 2

Question 16

main mechanism of action of combined oral contraceptive pill

Answer 16

inhibition of ovulation

Question 17

young female, extensive sexual history, chronic pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia, dysuria, odorous green vaginal discharge.

likely diagnosis?

Answer 17

pelvic inflammatory disease

- commonly caused by chlamydia and gonorrhoea

Question 18

pregnancy women found to have lower bP that before she was pregnant.

what hormone is responsible for this?

Answer 18

progesterone

Question 19

in early pregnancy hCG secreted by:

Answer 19

• synctiotrophoblast

- to stimulate corpus luteum to secrete progesterone

Question 20

proliferative phase

Answer 20

thickening of the endometrium in response to oestrogen secreted from the mature follicle

Question 21

A pregnant woman presents with chronic pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia, dysuria, and odorous green vaginal discharge. She also reports upper right quadrant pain. What is the most likely cause of this upper right quadrant pain?

Answer 21

Pelvic inflammatory disease: gonorrhoea?

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (adhesions of liver to peritoneum) is associated with this condition.

Question 22

A 20-year-old primiparous woman is in the final stages of delivery. The baby’s leading shoulder becomes impacted behind her pelvis. The midwife rings the emergency call bell.

What is the first step in management?

Answer 22

McRobert’s manoeuvre

• flex and abduct the hips as much as possible

Question 23

Sheehan’s syndrome

Answer 23

occurs due to pituitary ischaemia secondary to blood loss during or after childbirth.

Question 24

how does IgA nephropathy typically present

Answer 24

• haematuria

- following an upper respiratory tract infection

Question 25

oedema, hypoalbuminaemia and protein in the urine make up the triad for what?

Answer 25

nephrotic syndrome

Question 26

ANP

Answer 26

promotes diuresis

decreasing BV

decreasing after load on heart

decreasing BP

Question 27

difference between nephritic and nephrotic syndrome

Answer 27

nephrotic syndrome - excess amount of protein in the urine

nephritic syndrome - blood in urine