chapter 14: head and neck

Question 1

muscle responsible for eye opening

Answer 1

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 2

levator palpebrae superioris innervated by

Answer 2

oculomotor nerve

Question 3

easy way to determine if patient has upper or lower motor neuron lesions?

Answer 3

• ask them to wrinkle forehead

- in LMN patient cannot wrinkle forehead

Question 4

taste to anterior 2/3rd of tongue supplied by

Answer 4

chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

Question 5

which nerve supplies sensation to anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Answer 5

lingual branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

Question 6

which nerve provides sensation to posterior 1/3rd of tongue

Answer 6

glossopharyngeal

Question 7

what pharyngeal arch is the facial nerve associated with?

Answer 7

• second pharyngeal arch

Question 8

what forms the lateral and medial walls of the orbit?

Answer 8

lateral = zygomatic

medial = ethmoid

Question 9

parasethsia over cheek, lateral sides of nose and upper lip. which nerve and branch is affected

Answer 9

maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 10

blood in anterior chamber of eye

Answer 10

hyphaema

Question 11

aqueous humour produced by

Answer 11

ciliary body

Question 12

describe the flow of aqueous humour in eye

Answer 12

• produced by ciliary body
• first drains through posterior chamber to enter anterior chamber
• AH then exits eye through the trabecular meshwork
• into Schlemm’s canal

Question 13

external jugular vein drains into

Answer 13

subclavian vein

Question 14

blood supply to thyroid

Answer 14

• superior thyroid artery

- inferior thyroid artery

Question 15

what is the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 15

• space between the pretracheal and prevertebral fascial layers

Question 16

two main components of the inner ear

Answer 16

• cochlea

- vestibular apparatus

Question 17

through what does the inner ear communicate with the subarachnoid space?

Answer 17

cochlear aqueduct

Question 18

how can middle ear infection spread to the subarachnoid space

Answer 18

• via mastoid air cells

- to cause subarachnoid infections

Question 19

what are functions of ossicles?

Answer 19

• transmit sound waves channelled from external ear tympanic membrane to middle ear
• via oval window

Question 20

examples of middle ear muscles that help dampen down noise inflicted on tympanic membrane

Answer 20

• stapedius

- tensor tympani

Question 21

which two cranial nerves innervate muscles of pharynx?

Answer 21

• glossopharyngeal nerve

- vagus nerve

Question 22

thyroid descends from

Answer 22

thyroglossal duct

Question 23

which cells secrete PTH

Answer 23

Chief cells

Question 24

in which part of cranium do you find the middle ear

Answer 24

middle cranial fossa

Question 25

why are kiddos likely to get middle ear infections when they have upper respiratory tract infection?

Answer 25

• eustachian tube is relatively narrow and horizontal in children

Question 26

which muscles elevate the mandible and what nerve supplies them?

Answer 26

• masseter
• temporalis
• medial pterygoid

supplied by mandibular divison of the trigeminal nerve

Question 27

arterial supply to eye

Answer 27

opthalamic artery

Question 28

why would cranial nerve 3 palsy cause ptosis?

Answer 28

• down and out
• loss of innervation to levator palpebrae superioris
• which elevates and retracts the upper eyelid

Question 29

nerve responsible for eye constriction

Answer 29

• oculomotor nerve is responsible for the efferent limb of the pupillary reflex
• it drives the iris muscles that constrict the pupil.

Question 30

recurrent layngeal supplies which muscles

Answer 30

• all intrinsic laryngeal muscles

- except cricothyroid

Question 31

cricothyroid supplied by

Answer 31

• external laryngeal nerve

- superior laryngeal branch of vagus

Question 32

horner’s syndrome arises from

Answer 32

• disruption of sympathetic nerves supplying the eye

triad

1. partial ptosis
2. miosis
3. anhidrosis

Question 33

patient with staphylococcus infection of frontal sinuses. by which route is this infection likely to reach brain

Answer 33

• via cavernous sinus

- has connections with facial and cerebral veins

Question 34

all muscles of mastication (masseter, temporalis, media and lateral pterygoid) are innervated by :

Answer 34

mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Question 35

55 y/o male, electric shock attacks upon swallowing. has pain in back of throat and tongue. what nerve is responsible for innervation of the pain he experiences?

Answer 35

glossopharyngeal

sensation and taste to the posterior third of tongue is via the glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 36

patient:

• horasness of voice, deviation of uvula towards normal side. loss of taste from posterior third of tongue
• sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle paresis

lesion likely to be obstructing what foramen

Answer 36

Jugular foramen syndrome (Vernet’s syndrome)

paresis of cranial nerves 9,10,11

dysphagia, dysarthria, hoarseness of voice, loss of taste on posterior 1/3rd of tongue

Question 37

patient suffers traumatic head injury. CT shows epidural haematoma.

which foramen contains origin of the vessel that contributes to the majority of these bleeds?

Answer 37

• middle meningeal artery

- artery runs through the foramen spinosum

Question 38

were does the facial nerve exit the facial canal?

Answer 38

stylomastoid foramen