MSK notes Flashcards
What makes up the LOAF muscles?
Lumbricals (1&2)
Opponens Pollicis
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
innervated by median nerve
Describe innervation of intrinsic hand muscles?
all intrinsic hand muscles innervated by ulnar apart from the LOAF ones.
smiths fracture
fracture distal radius with anterior displacement
Wallerian degeneration
- axonal degeneration at site of injury
- myelin sheath degenerates
- then phagocytocysed by tissue macrophages
Hirutism vs hypertrichosis
Hirutism - androgen dependent hair growth
Hypertrichosis - androgen independent
Trendelenburg gait
- superior gluteal nerve
- gluteus medius affected
- nerve side effected is OPPOSITE to side of pelvic drop
What may be seen in surgical neck of humerus fracture?
- axillary nerve damage
- difficulty abducting arm
- loss of sensation of deltoid
Sharpey’s fibres
- periosteum attached to bone by strong collagenous fibres
Feature of rheumatoid arthritis
- cholesterol deposition in nodules
- often spares DIPs
triad for reactive arthritis
- Conjunctivitis
- Arthritis
- Urethritis
Describe septic arthritis common culprit?
- stap aureus
describe septic arthritis?
- single, red, swollen, painful joint
- yellow turbid synovial fluid
- invasion of synovial membrane
Describe key features of osteoarthritis?
- shorter duration of morning stiffness
- often worse after movement
- loss of joint space
- subchondral sclera
- osteophytes
Psoriatic arthritis
- sausage digits
- nail changes
- pencil in cup deformity
- psoriasis: think purple plaques bilateral elbows
Onchylosis
detachment of the nail from nail bed
Salter-Harris fracture
fracture to growth plate of child
What nerve may be affected during excision of the submandibular gland?
- marginal mandibular nerve
Branches of axillary nerve? (3)
- posterior circumflex humeral
- subscapular
- anterior circumflex
Long head of triceps attachment
infraglenoid tubercle
Contents of cubital Fossa (lateral to medial)
really need beer to be at my nicest ; )
Radial Nerve
Brachial Tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Describe clinical features of giant cell arteritis?
- jaw pain
—> BS restriction, anaerobic resp, increase in
[lactic acid] - amaurosis fugax
- –> temporary loss of vision in one eye
amaurosis fugax
temporary loss of vision in one eye
what passes through the quadrangular space?
- axillary nerve
- –> posterior circumflex artery
note: posterior circumflex is a branch of axillary
A 16-year-old boy is on a date at the cinema, throughout the film he has his arm over his girlfriends seat. When the film ends he finds that he cannot move his wrist very well. On examination he cannot extend his wrist and his anatomical snuff box has reduced sensation. Which nerve has he damaged at the cinema?
A radial nerve palsy is commonly refereed to as a wrist drop.
This is a mononeuropathy which results in the patient being unable to extend their wrist and instead it hangs flaccidly.
saturday night syndrome
Quadrangular space syndrome
involves compression of the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery
A 24-year-old female falls from her horse onto the side of her neck. She has a glasgow coma scale of 15 and can move all limbs. However, at the emergency department she is examined and found to have a medially rotated arm with an extended and pronated forearm with a flexion of the wrist. What injury has she developed?
Erb’s palsy
This is a neuropathy of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the brachial Plexus.
This is primarily affecting the upper trunk C5-C6 nerves.
loss of shoulder movement
Klumpke’s palsy
- ulnar
- loss of finger flexors
- unicorn
paresis
weakness of muscles
bouchards
hard knobs at middle finger
herberden’s nodes
hard knobs furtherest away from finger
colles
radial side damaged, median nerve affected
what secretes majority of TNF
macrophages
dorsalis pedis artery
branch of anterior tibial artery
where does psoas major insert?
- lesser trochanter
A 24-year-old female patient presents to her GP with a bilateral facial rash, bilateral pain, redness and swelling in the joints of her hands, and mouth ulcers. Her symptoms worsen when exposed to sunlight.
SLE patients usually produce antibodies against double stranded DNA because the body has poor immunological tolerance to intracellular proteins.
Complement component 4 levels are commonly decreased i.
A 49-year-old woman presents to her family physician with vaginal dryness and itching. On further questioning, she tells you that she suffers from dry skin, and has noticed that her mouth is more dry than usual. She takes over-the-counter eye drops regularly.
Her Schirmer’s strip shows inadequate tear production.
Her maternal aunt has pernicious anaemia and her late grandmother had rheumatoid arthritis.
Which one of the following is associated with her condition?
Sjogrens syndrome is associated with autoimmune hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Anterior cruciate ligament receives blood supply from…
middle genicular artery
