neuro- stroke key points

Question 1

Types of stroke

Answer 1

1. Ishcaemic ( 85% )
   - ——–> thrombotic
   - ——–> embolic
2. Haemorrhagic ( 15% )
   - ———> intracerebral
   - ———> subarachnoid

Question 2

Ischaemic stroke

Answer 2

‘blockage’ in BV stops blood flow

Question 3

Haemorrhagic stroke

Answer 3

BV bursts, reduction in blood flow

Question 4

Thrombotic ischaemic stroke

Answer 4

• thrombosis from large vessel e.g. carotid

Question 5

embolic stroke

Answer 5

• blood clot
• bacterial clumps
• atrial fibrillation can increase formation of blood clots

Question 6

intracerebral stroke

Answer 6

bleeding within brain

Question 7

subarachnoid stroke

Answer 7

bleeding on surface of brain

Question 8

Stroke criteria

Answer 8

1. unilateral hemiparesis (face, arm, leg)
2. homonymous hemianopia
3. higher cognitive dysfunction

Question 9

clinical signs differences which may suggest haemorrhagic stroke in patient as oppose to ishcaemic

Answer 9

1. decreased level of consciousness
2. headache more common
3. more supportive treatment

Question 10

summarise four main different types of stroke

Answer 10

1. total anterior circulation infarct
2. partial anterior circulation infarct
3. lacunar infarct
4. posterior circulation infarct

Question 11

total anterior circulation infarct involves what arteries

Answer 11

• middle and anterior cerebral arteries involved?

Question 12

partial anterior circulation infarct involves what arteries

Answer 12

• smaller arteries

- upper and lower divisions of middle cerebral artery

Question 13

lacunar infarct involves what arteries

Answer 13

• perforating arteries around internal capsule, thalamus and basal ganglia

Question 14

posterior circulation infarct involves what arteries

Answer 14

• vertebrobasilar arteries

Question 15

lacunar infarct may result in …

Answer 15

1. unilateral weakness
2. pure sensory stroke
3. ataxic hemiparesis

Question 16

posterior circulation infarct may result in

Answer 16

1. cerebellar or brainstem syndrome
2. loss of consciousness
3. isolated homonymous hemianopia

Question 17

Basilar artery gives rise too…

Answer 17

vertebral arteries

—–> posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 18

state a syndrome associated with the following areas of the brain?

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla

Answer 18

1. Midbrain : Weber’s syndrome
2. Pons : Locked-in syndrome
3. Medulla : Wallenberg’s syndrome

Question 19

damage to spinothalamic tract results in….

Answer 19

• loss of pain, temperature and sensation

- fibres already decussated so sensory loss contralateral to lesions