reproduction in plants

Question 1

sepal

Answer 1

protect flower in bud stage

Question 2

petal

Answer 2

large + brightly coloured in i.p, provide platform for attracted insects to land (helps pollination)

Question 3

anther

Answer 3

produce pollen grains (male gametes)f

Question 4

filaments

Answer 4

hold anther in place for pollination

Question 5

style

Answer 5

tube that connects stigma to ovary

Question 6

stigma

Answer 6

receives pollen during pollination

Question 7

ovary

Answer 7

contains ovules + becomes fruit during fertilisation

Question 8

ovules

Answer 8

contain female gamete

Question 9

anthers + stigma of w.p.f

Answer 9

• anthers loosely attached + hang out on long filament
• large + feathery to catch pollen

Question 10

pollen grains in w.p and i.p

Answer 10

w.p: many + smooth + light
i.p: less + spiky + sticky

Question 11

pollination

Answer 11

transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma

Question 12

self-pollination

Answer 12

same flower / different flower on same plant

Question 13

cross-pollination

Answer 13

flower on different plant of same species

Question 14

s.p advantages

Answer 14

• maintain parental characters so purity
• doesn’t rely on pollinator

Question 15

s.p disadvantages

Answer 15

• decreases genetic variation
• can’t adapt to changing environment
• decreased immunity

Question 16

c.p advantages

Answer 16

• genetic info exchanged between plants so greater genetic variation
• increased adaptability

Question 17

c.p disadvantages

Answer 17

• relies on external pollinator

Question 18

fertilisation in flowering plants

Answer 18

when pollen nucleus fuses with a nucleus in an ovule

Question 19

adaptations of i.p flowers

Answer 19

• colourful + scented petals
• nectares present (sugary liquid food)
• stamen with short filament inside flower
• pollen is rough + sticky
• carpels have small stigma inside

Question 20

conditions affecting germination

Answer 20

• temperature
• water
• oxygen

Question 21

adaptations of w.p flowers

Answer 21

• absent or tiny petals
• no nectares
• stamen with long filament hanging outside flower
• pollen is smooth + light
• carpels have large feathery stigma

Question 22

process of fertilisation (flower)

Answer 22

• pollen lands on stigma + starts growing pollen tube
• grain absorbs sucrose from stigma + forms pollen tube
• tip of tube releases enzymes to break down the cells
• directed toward ovule by egg cell chemicals
• arrives at ovary and enters ovule through micropyle
• tip bursts releasing nuclei into ovule to fuse w egg
• fuse to form zygote, divide by mitosis to form embryo

Question 23

each seed contains

Answer 23

• embryo
• energy store
• seed coat

Question 24

effect of temp on germination

Answer 24

for efficient ezyme functioning

Question 25

effect of water on germination

Answer 25

• needed for cell to swell and break seed coat
• absorb water + develop vacoule + expand
• root (radicle) grows out
  + activates enzymes and solvent

Question 26

effect of oxygen on germination

Answer 26

aerobic respiration to provide energy to embryo