gas exchange and respiration Flashcards
1
Q
alveoli features
A
- large surface area
- one cell thick
- blood supply from capillaries
- air constantly entering and leaving
2
Q
limewater in presence of CO2
A
clear to cloudy
3
Q
function of cartilage in trachea
A
support the trachea + prevent from collapsing
4
Q
inhalation
A
- e.i.m contracts i.i.m relaxes
- ribs move up + outward
- diaphragm contracts + flattens
- volume of thorax + lungs increases
- pressure decreases
- air enters + inflates alveoli
5
Q
exhalation
A
- i.i.m contracts e.i.m relaxes
- ribs move down+ inward
- diaphragm relaxes + returns to dome shape
- volume of thorax + lungs decreases
- pressure increases
- air is forced out of the lungs
6
Q
oxygen in inspired air
A
21%
7
Q
oxygen in expired air
A
16%
8
Q
CO2 in inspired air
A
0.04%
9
Q
CO2 in expired air
A
4%
10
Q
water vapour in inspired air
A
less
11
Q
water vapour in expired air
A
saturated/more
12
Q
how brain monitors and controls rate of breathing when you exercise
A
- special part to control it
- respire more so more CO2 + maybe lactic acid
- lowered pH is detected
- signals sent to i.m + diaphragm to contracts faster
- increased rate + depth of breathing removes CO2
- pH returns to normal
13
Q
goblet cell
A
produce mucus to trap dust + bacteria + pathogens
14
Q
ciliated cell
A
have cilia that sweep mucus towards throat to swallow
15
Q
respiration
A
chemical reactions in cells that breakdown nutrient molecules to release energy
