animal transport Flashcards
circulatory system
system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one way flow of blood
single circulation of fish
- blood is pumped from heart to gills where it gets oxygenated
- distributes oxygen to internal organs
- returns to heart with CO2
- heart pumps it to gills where CO2 is lost
it’s called single circulation because
blood passes though the heart once
double circulation of mammals
- blood pumped from heart to lungs (right)
- oxygenated blood enters left side and is pumped to rest of body
it’s called double circulation because
blood passes through the heart twice
advantages of double circulation
- no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
- maintains 2 pressure circulation (low in pulmonary + high in systematic) so blood is transported efficiently
blood is carried away from heart in
arteries
blood is carried to heart in
veins
ways to monitor heart activity
- ECG
- measuring pulse
- listening to valves closing
coronary heart disease
blockage in coronary artery due to build up of fats on artery walls
vessel that supplies heart with oxygen
coronary arteries
6 risk factors of CHD
- diet (high fat intake)
- sex
- genetic predisposition)
- smoking (nicotine encourages fat deposition)
- stress (adrenaline hormone constricts artery walls)
- lack of exercise
role of diet + exercise in reducing CHD risk
- too much fat intake can make it build up on artery walls causing occlusion
- reduce intake of fats to reduce risk
- since heart is like any muscle exercise will maintain its health
- increasing exercise also reduces risk
thickness of left and right ventricle walls
- left wall has thicker muscle because it has to pump blood to whole body at high pressure
- right side has to pump to the nearby lungs only
thickness of atria compared to ventricles
- atria need to only pump blood to the below ventricles so its thin
- ventricles need to pump blood further so they’re thicker
importance of septum
separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (prevents mixing)
functioning of heart
- walls of the atria contract
- passes into ventricles through atrioventricular valves
- ventricles contract
- deoxy is forced out of r.ventricle and goes to lungs through pulmonary artery + at same time oxy blood is forced out of l.ventricle + to body through aorta
- atria relax +draw fresh blood on both sides
- ventricles relax to receive from atrias
effect of exercise on heart rate
- increased CO2 in blood is detected by brain
- stimulates heart to beat faster to remove CO2
arteries features
- from heart
- thick muscular walls + small lumen
- high pressure
- no valves
- carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary)
veins features
- to heart
- thin walls + wide lumen
- low pressure
- semilunar valves
- carry deoxy blood (except pulmonary)
capillary features
- arteries to veins
- one cell thick walls where RBC travel in single file
- pressure rises then gradually falls
- no valves
- loses oxygen or gains it in lungs
functions of capillaries
- allows tissue fluid to leak through walls + bathe cells supplying with oxygen + glucose etc.
components of blood
- plasma
- RBC
- WBC
- platelets
phagocyte function
phagocytosis
