reproduction in humans

Question 1

testes

Answer 1

produce gametes (sperm)

Question 2

scrotum

Answer 2

sac-like structure that holds testes

Question 3

sperm duct

Answer 3

carry sperm away from testes

Question 4

prostate gland

Answer 4

manufactures + adds seminal fluid in which sperms can swim

Question 5

urethra

Answer 5

carries urine + semen along penis to be released from body

Question 6

penis

Answer 6

organ for introducing sperm into female

Question 7

ovary

Answer 7

contains ova (female gametes)

Question 8

oviducts

Answer 8

• connect ovary to uterus + lined with ciliated cells to push the released ovum down it
• fertilisation occurs here

Question 9

uterus

Answer 9

muscular bag with a soft lining where the fertilised egg (zygote) will be implanted to develop into a foetus

Question 10

cervix

Answer 10

ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus to keep the developing foetus in place during pregnancy

Question 11

vagina

Answer 11

receives penis during sexual intercourse + sperm are deposited

Question 12

fertilisation in humans-

Answer 12

fusion of male gamete (sperm cell) nucleus with female gamete (egg cell) nucleus

Question 13

adaptations of egg cells

Answer 13

• energy store to provide energy for zygote mitosis
• jelly coat that protects + makes impenetrable after fertilisation

Question 14

adaptations of sperm

Answer 14

• flagellum allows to swim towards egg
• enzymes in acrosome that digest egg membrane
• many mitochondria to provide energy for swimming

Question 15

comparison of egg and sperm

Answer 15

• sperm is very small and egg is much larger
• sperm can move by itself egg can’t
• sperm has more mitochondria
• sperm produced in large numbers, born w 1000s of eggs but only 1 released monthly

Question 16

zygote develops into

Answer 16

embryo

Question 17

embryo is

Answer 17

a ball of cells formed after zygote division by mitosis

Question 18

implantation

Answer 18

embryo embeds itself into uterus lining

Question 19

foetus

Answer 19

further division of embryo after implantation and after placenta forms

Question 20

amniotic sac

Answer 20

contains amniotic fluidf

Question 21

role of amniotic fluid

Answer 21

• cushions embryo + protects from physical damage
• maintain temperature

Question 22

umbilical cord

Answer 22

connects fetus’s blood to placenta for exchange of nutrients and waste products

Question 23

placenta functions

Answer 23

• excretion: mother’s blood absorbs w.p like CO2 + urea
• nutrition: mother’s blood provides glucose, amino acids, fats
• respiration: oxygen from mother
• immunity: barrier from toxins + pathogens

Question 24

placenta adaptations (for diffusion)

Answer 24

• large surface area
• thin membrane

Question 25

some molecules can bypass placenta depending on size so

Answer 25

no smoking (nicotine)