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classification Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define movement

A

an action by an organism (or part of an organism) resulting in a change of position

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2
Q

define respiration

A

chemical reactions in cells that breakdown nutrient molecules and release energy

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3
Q

define sensitivity

A

ability to decent and respond to stimuli in the internal or external environment

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4
Q

define growth

A

a permanent increase in dry mass

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5
Q

define reproduction

A

process that makes more of the same kind of organism

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6
Q

define excretion

A

removal of toxic material, metabolic waste and excess substances from an organism

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7
Q

define nutrition

A

the taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development

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8
Q

define species

A

a group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

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9
Q

define binomial system

A

an internationally agreed system where the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts consisting of the genus and species

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10
Q

define DNA

A

long twisted double stranded (double helix) molecule held together by pairs of chemical units called bases

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11
Q

adenine pairs with

A

thymine

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12
Q

cytosine pairs with

A

guanine

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13
Q

classification systems aim to

A

reflect evolutionary relationships

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14
Q

similar base sequences mean

A

they are more closely related since few mutations occurred

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15
Q

4 key features of animals

A
  • take in and use organic materials from other organisms for energy
  • able to move from one place to the other
  • most reproduce sexually using reproductive cells (gametes)
  • no cell wall surrounding cell membrane
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16
Q

3 key features of plants

A
  • make their own food by photosynthesis
  • cells are surrounded by cellulose cell wall
  • few identifiable organs (flowers, leaves, stem)
17
Q

4 key features of prokaryotes

A
  • unicellular
  • no membrane-bound organelles so no true nucleus (DNA is loose in cytoplasm)
  • killed by antibiotics
  • have cell wall
18
Q

define protoctista

A

group of largely microscopic truly living organisms

19
Q

4 key features of protoctists

A
  • mostly unicellular some multicellular
  • have membrane-bound organelles (have a true nucleus)
  • respire aerobically
  • either free-living or parasitic
20
Q

4 key features of fungi

A
  • chitin cell wall
  • have no chlorophyll
  • reproduce by producing spores
  • made of large number of tubular threads (hyphae) intertwined to form mycelium
21
Q

2 features of virus

A
  • protein coat
  • contain genetic material
22
Q

3 key features of fish

A
  • gills for breathing
  • covered in scales + fins for movement
  • lay jelly-covered eggs in water
23
Q

3 key features of amphibians

A
  • webbed feet
  • moist skin
  • can live in land and water but always lay eggs in water
24
Q

2 key features of reptiles

A
  • scaly skin
  • leathery-shelled eggs on land
25
Q

4 key features of birds

A
  • forelimbs are wings
  • warm-blooded
  • four-chambered heart
  • beak for feeding
26
Q

3 key features of mammals

A
  • produce live young (feed from mammary glands)
  • hair on body
  • internal fertilisation
27
Q

define vertebrates

A

animals that have a vertebral column

28
Q

define invertebrates

A

animals that don’t have a vertebral column

29
Q

2 features of arthropods

A
  • jointed legs
  • segmented body
30
Q

4 key features of insects

A
  • three pairs of legs
  • head, thorax, abdomen
  • one pair of antennae
  • one or two pairs of wings
31
Q

4 key features of crustaceans

A
  • four pairs of legs
  • cephalothorax, abdomen
  • two pairs of antennae
  • exoskeleton made of calcium salts
32
Q

3 key features of arachnids

A
  • four pairs of legs
  • cephalothorax, abdomen
  • no antennae
33
Q

3 key features of myriapods

A
  • ten or more pairs of legs (one or two each segment)
  • one pair of antennae
34
Q

two major divisions of plant kingdom

A

ferns and flowering plants

35
Q

4 key features of ferns

A
  • don’t produce flowers
  • reproduce by producing spores
  • leaves are called fronds
  • green and photosynthesise
36
Q

5 key features of monocotyledons

A
  • one cotyledon in each seed
  • narrow leaves
  • parallel veins
  • petals in threes
  • fibrous roots
37
Q

5 key features of dicotyledons

A
  • two cotyledons in each seed
  • broad leaves
  • network-like branching veins
  • petals in fours/fives
  • taproot system

Bio (26 decks)

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