disease and immunity

Question 1

pathogen

Answer 1

a disease causing organism

Question 2

transmissible disease

Answer 2

a disease caused by a pathogen that can be passed from one host to another

Question 3

direct transmission

Answer 3

through blood/other bodily fluids

Question 4

indirect transmission

Answer 4

• air
• animals
• contaminated surface
• food

Question 5

mechanical barriers

Answer 5

• skin
• nose hairs

Question 6

chemical barriers

Answer 6

• mucus (goblet cells in trachea)
• HCL in the stomach

Question 7

cellular barriers

Answer 7

• lymphocytes
• phagocytes

Question 8

ways to control diseases

Answer 8

• hygienic food preparation
• good personal hygiene
• clean water supply
• waste disposal
• sewage treatment

Question 9

events during immune response

Answer 9

answer on book

Question 10

active immunity

Answer 10

defence against a pathogen by antibody production in the body

Question 11

passive immunity

Answer 11

defense against a pathogen by antibodies passed from one individual to another (like mother to child)

Question 12

antibodies

Answer 12

proteins that bind to antigens on pathogens and clump them together for destruction by phagocytosis

Question 13

vaccine

Answer 13

contains a dead or weakened form of the pathogen

Question 14

vaccination process

Answer 14

answer on book

Question 15

memory cells are produced in ____ immunity

Answer 15

active, not in passive

Question 16

bacterium causing diarrhoea

Answer 16

cholera

Question 17

how diarrhoea happens

Answer 17

answer in book