genes, chromosomes, proteins

Question 1

inheritance

Answer 1

transfer of genetic information from generaion to generation

Question 2

chromosome

Answer 2

thread-like structures of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

a length of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 4

allele

Answer 4

alternative form of a gene

Question 5

sex determination

Answer 5

• determined by a pair of chromosomes
• all eggs carry X
• half of sperm carry X half carry Y
• sex is determined by the father

Question 6

DNA base sequesnce determines

Answer 6

amino acid sequence in a protein

Question 7

different protein shapes are due to

Answer 7

different amino acid sequences

Question 8

DNA controls cell functions by

Answer 8

controlling production of proteins such as enzymes, antibodies, receptors, neurotransmitters

Question 9

protein synthesis

Answer 9

proteins are made by ribosomes with sequence of amino acids coded for by DNA base sequences

Question 10

stages of protein synthesis

Answer 10

• DNA cannot leave nucleus (too big to pass through nuclear pore) so they remain
• base code of each gene is transcribed onto an RNA (mRNA)
• mRNA leaves nucleus and attaches to a ribosome
• ribosome reads the code on the mRNA in groups of 3
• each base triplet codes for an amino acid
• ribosome translates the base sequences into an amino acid sequence that make a protein
• once amino acid chain has been assembled its released from ribosome so it can fold and form the final protein structure

Question 11

all cells in an organism contain the same genes but many genes are not expressed because

Answer 11

the cell only makes the specific proteins it needs

Question 12

diploid nucleus

Answer 12

nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes

Question 13

haploid nucleus

Answer 13

nucleus containing one set of unpaired chromosomes