Reproduction

Question 1

How many cell divisions does mitosis have?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

How many cell divisions does meiosis have?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

Mitosis produces genetically…

Answer 3

identical daughter cells

Question 4

Meiosis produces genetically…

Answer 4

different/ non-identical daughter cells

Question 5

Does mitosis produce haploid or diploid cells?

Answer 5

diploid - full set of genetic information

Question 6

Does meiosis produce haploid or diploid cells?

Answer 6

haploid - half set of genetic information

Question 7

What is mitosis used for in the body?

Answer 7

growth, repair, replacement - generates all adult cells (except gametes)

Question 8

What is meiosis used for in the body?

Answer 8

to produce gametes

Question 9

Is meiosis sexual or asexual reproduction?

Answer 9

sexual

Question 10

Is mitosis sexual or asexual reproduction?

Answer 10

asexual - cloning

Question 11

What is human fertilisation?

Answer 11

fusion of haploid male and female gametes, restoring the diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote

Question 12

Where is the site of fertilisation in humans?

Answer 12

oviduct

Question 13

The oviduct is lined with what to help it move?

Answer 13

cilia

Question 14

What does the urethra transport?

Answer 14

urine or semen

Question 15

What is the function of the seminal vesicles and prostrate gland?

Answer 15

release liquids into sperm duct which mixes with sperm cells to form SEMEN - provides nutrients to the sperm

Question 16

What is the role of the placenta?

Answer 16

-nutrients move from mother to embryo
-metabolic wastes (e.g. urea, CO2) move from embryo to mother

Question 17

What nutrients pass from the mother to embryo through the placenta?

Answer 17

-glucose and oxygen: respiration
-amino acids: protein synthesis
-fatty acids and glycerol: lipid synthesis

Question 18

How do materials move from the mother to the embryo?

Answer 18

via diffusion

Question 19

Why is there no physical connection between the mother and the embryo’s circulatory systems?

Answer 19

-difference in blood pressure
-no white blood cells in embryo’s blood

Question 20

What hormone is responsible for male’s secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 20

testosterone

Question 21

What hormone is responsible for female’s secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 21

oestrogen

Question 22

Where are FSH and LH secreted from?

Answer 22

pituitary gland

Question 23

Where is oestrogen secreted from?

Answer 23

follicle in ovary

Question 24

Where is progesterone secreted from?

Answer 24

ovary (corpus luteum)

Question 25

What is the function of FSH?

Answer 25

stimulates follicle growth

Question 26

What is the function of LH?

Answer 26

ovulation

Question 27

What is the function of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle?

Answer 27

helps uterus lining thicken

Question 28

Oestrogen inhibits...

Answer 28

FSH

Question 29

Oestrogen stimulates...

Answer 29

LH

Question 30

What is the function of progesterone?

Answer 30

helps maintain thickness of uterus lining

Question 31

Progesterone inhibits...

Answer 31

LH + FSH

Question 32

What happens between day 1 and 4 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 32

uterus lining sheds

Question 33

What happens between day 4 and 14 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 33

uterus lining builds up - oestrogen

Question 34

What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 34

ovulation

Question 35

What happens between day 14 and 28 of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 35

uterus lining maintained - progesterone

Question 36

What 3 steps need to occur for a plant to sexually reproduce?

Answer 36

pollination, fertilisation, germination

Question 37

What are the plant sites of fertilisation and pollination?

Answer 37

flowers - sexual organs

Question 38

Give 3 examples of asexual reproduction in plants.

Answer 38

runners, tubers, bulbs

Question 39

How are runners an example of asexual reproduction?

Answer 39

a new plant is produced when the runner touches the ground - e.g. strawberry

Question 40

Where is the pollen produced?

Answer 40

anther

Question 41

What makes up the stamen (male sex organ)?

Answer 41

anther + filament

Question 42

Where is the ova produced?

Answer 42

ovules, found in ovary

Question 43

How is a plant pollinated? (seed formation)

Answer 43

1. pollen grain lands on stigma 2. pollen tube grows from pollen grain down style 3. pollen tube binds with ovule in ovary 4. pollen grain's nucleus travels down pollen tube 5. nucleus fuses with ova in ovule - forms zygote

Question 44

How is a fruit formed?

Answer 44

1. zygote develops into an embryonic plant with small root (radicle) and shoot (plumule) 2. other contents of ovule develop into a food store 3. OVULE wall becomes seed coat 4. OVARY wall becomes fruit coat

Question 45

Ovule wall becomes...

Answer 45

seed coat (testa)

Question 46

Ovary wall becomes...

Answer 46

fruit coat

Question 47

Fruit formation is when a zygote develops into an...

Answer 47

embryonic plant - small root and shoot

Question 48

What conditions do seeds require to germinate?

Answer 48

oxygen, warmth, water

Question 49

What happens during germination?

Answer 49

root grows downwards, shoot grows up - once first leaf is produced germination is no longer needed as the plant can photosynthesise

Question 50

Why do seeds need oxygen to germinate?

Answer 50

aerobic respiration

Question 51

Why do seeds need warmth to germinate?

Answer 51

optimum temp for enzymes - increase enzyme activity

Question 52

Why do seeds need water to germinate?

Answer 52

activate enzymes

Question 53

How can we investigate the factors effecting germination?

Answer 53

add cress seeds to cotton wool in test tubes under different conditions - moist cotton wool, lack of oxygen, no light, no warmth

Question 54

How do germinating plants utilise their food stores?

Answer 54

need lots of energy - enzymes break down food stores (e.g. carbohydrates) to be used in respiration

Question 55

What is a method of artificial propagation?

Answer 55

cutting

Question 56

How does cuttings cultivate a new plant asexually?

Answer 56

small pieces of stem with some leaves attached placed in a damp compost - grows roots and develops into a new plant

Question 57

What membrane encloses the developing embryo?

Answer 57

amnion

Question 58

What is the function of the amniotic fluid?

Answer 58

protects embryo from mechanical shocks and temperature fluctuations