Heart and Blood Flashcards
Four chambers of heart
- left atrium
-right atrium - left ventricle
- right ventricle
Which chambers are at the top?
- atriums (left and right)
what separates the right and left side of heart?
septum
What transports deoxygenated blood to right atrium?
- Vena Cava
What transports deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs?
- pulmonary artery
what transports blood from lungs to heart after being oxygenated?
- pulmonary vein
what transports oxygenated blood to rest of body?
- aorta
names of valves in pulmonary artery and vein?
- semi-lunar
name of valve between right atrium and ventricle?
- tricuspid - remember tRIcuspid for RIght
name of valve between left atrium and ventricle?
-bicuspid
What is cardiac diastole?
when all chambers relax and blood fills heart
what is atrial systole?
when atria contract, and push blood into ventricles
what is ventricular systole?
- when ventricles contract, causing blood to be pushed out of heart (happens after atrial systole)
what part of brain controls nerve impulses, which can change Heart rate?
Medulla
explain process of exercise causing HR increase
- more carbon dioxide produced my muscles in aerobic respiration
- sensors in aorta and carotid artery detect the increase and send nerve impulse to medulla
- medulla send nerve impulses along accelerator nerve
-accelerator nerve increases heart rate
-cardiac output increases therefore more blood supplied to working muscles
what is plasma?
- straw coloured liquid
- transports blood cells and many other substances, eg nutrients- glucose and amino acids, dissolved waste products- carbon dioxide and urea
what is blood?
- complex tissue,consisting of a liquid component (plasma), cell fragments (platelets) and red and white blood cells
arteries characteristics
- blood away from heart
-blood at high pressure
-tiny vessels- lots of them
-thick elastic and muscular layer - narrow lumen
-thick outer wall
veins characteristics
- blood towards heart
- blood at low pressure
- wide lumen
- thin muscular and elastic layer
- thin outer wall
- valves to prevent backflow
capillary characteristics
- very small lumen
- wall one cell thick- made of single layer of cell
-short diffusion distance
what is the pulmonary circulation?
- deoxygenated blood being pumped to the lungs and oxygenated blood returning to heart
what is systemic circulation?
-oxygenated blood being pumped to other organs of body and deoxygenated blood returns to heart
what blood vessel caries oxygenated blood to liver?
- hepatic artery
which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood to gut?
- mesenteric artery
