Repro

Question 1

Mutation in what gene can cause holoprosencephaly?

Answer 1

Sonic Hedge hog gene

Patterning along anterior-posterior axis

Question 2

Gene responsible for organizaiton along dorsal-ventral axis?

Answer 2

Wnt-7

Question 3

Gene for segmental organization of embryo in a craniocaudal direction

Answer 3

Homeobox Genes

Mutation = appendages in wrong places

Question 4

When does B-hCG secretion begin?

Answer 4

Begins around time of implantations

STICKS AT DAY SIX

Detectable in blood on day 7
Detectable in urine 2 weeks after conception

Question 5

Neural tube formed by neuroectoderm and closes by when?

Answer 5

Week 4

Question 6

CNS structures are derived from?

Answer 6

Neuroectoderm

CNS neurons
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Pineal Gland

Question 7

PNS structures are derived from?

Answer 7

Neural crest

Question 8

Neural Crest Derivatives

Answer 8

MAGIC COPS

Melanocytes
Aorticopulmonary Septum
Ganglia
Iris Stroma
Chromaffin Cells
Cranial nerves
Ossicles/Odontoblasts
Parafollicular Cells
Schwann Cells

Question 9

Fetal hydantoin Syndrome

Answer 9

Cleft palate
Cardiac defects
Phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia

Question 10

What is associated with caudal regression syndrome?

Answer 10

Maternal diabetes

Question 11

What part of the placenta secretes hCG?

Answer 11

Syncytiotrophoblast (outer layer of chorionic villi)

**Note: lacks MCH1- expression to decrease chance of attack by maternal immune system

Question 12

What part of the placenta is derived from mom’s endometrium?

Answer 12

Decidua Basalis

Question 13

Role of B-hCG

Answer 13

Strucutrally similar to LH

Stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone during first trimester until placenta can take over

Question 14

Urine discharge from umbilicus

Answer 14

Patent urachus

Question 15

Meconium discharge from umbilicus

Answer 15

Vitelline duct fails to close

Question 16

Partial closure of vitelline duct, with patent portion attached to ileum

Answer 16

Meckel diverticulum

**true diverticulum

Question 17

Aortic Arch derivatives

Answer 17

1 = maxillary artery
2 = stapedial artery
3 = Common Carotid Artery
4 = left - aortic arch, right - right subclavian artery
5 = obliterates
6 = pulmonary arteries, and ductus arteriosis

Question 18

Cyst in lateral neck

Answer 18

Brachial cleft cyst

Question 19

What does the paramesonephric duct become?

Answer 19

Female internal sturcutres

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Upper portion of vagina

Question 20

What does the mesonephric duct become?

Answer 20

Male internal structures (except prostate)

Seminal Vesicles
Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens

Question 21

What hormone is required for development of male external structures?

Answer 21

DHT

Question 22

What enzyme coverts testosterone to DHT, what drug inhibits it?

Answer 22

5-alpha reductase

Finasteride

Question 23

Cause of hypospadias

Answer 23

Failure or urethral folds to fuse

Question 24

Cause of epispadias, what is it associted with?

Answer 24

Faulty positioning of genital tubercle

**associated with extrophy of the bladder

Question 25

What anchors testes with in the scrotom?

Answer 25

Gubernaculum

Question 26

What forms the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 26

Processus vaginals (evagination of peritoneum)

Question 27

What structure contains the ovarian vessels?

Answer 27

Infudibulpelvic ligament (suspensory ligament of the ovary) Ligate vessels during oophorectomy to avoid bleeding

Question 28

What is contained with in the broad ligament of the uterus?

Answer 28

Ovaries Fallopian Tubes Round ligaments of uterus

Question 29

Infertility + anosmia

Answer 29

Kallmann Syndrome Failure to complete puberty due defective migration of GnRH cells and formation of olfactory bulb Decreased synthesis of GnRH in the hypothalamus

Question 30

Ovrian fibroma Ascites Hydrothorax

Answer 30

Meigs Syndrome

Question 31

Are there chorionic vili present in a choriocarcinoma?

Answer 31

Nope!

Question 32

Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles with well demarcated borders

Answer 32

Leiomyoma (Fibroid) Most common tumor in females Usually multiple Premenopausal Driven by estrogen DOES NOT progress to leomyosarcoma

Question 33

Serous or bloody nipple discharge would most likely indicate?

Answer 33

Intraductal papilloma

Question 34

Eczematous patches on nipple With large clear cells in epidermis with clear halo

Answer 34

Paget Disease Results from underlying DCIS

Question 35

Orderly rows of cells due to decreased E-cadherin

Answer 35

Invasive Lobular carcinoma