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USMLE REVIEW > Repro > Flashcards

Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Mutation in what gene can cause holoprosencephaly?

A

Sonic Hedge hog gene

Patterning along anterior-posterior axis

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2
Q

Gene responsible for organizaiton along dorsal-ventral axis?

A

Wnt-7

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3
Q

Gene for segmental organization of embryo in a craniocaudal direction

A

Homeobox Genes

Mutation = appendages in wrong places

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4
Q

When does B-hCG secretion begin?

A

Begins around time of implantations

STICKS AT DAY SIX

Detectable in blood on day 7
Detectable in urine 2 weeks after conception

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5
Q

Neural tube formed by neuroectoderm and closes by when?

A

Week 4

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6
Q

CNS structures are derived from?

A

Neuroectoderm

CNS neurons
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Pineal Gland
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7
Q

PNS structures are derived from?

A

Neural crest

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8
Q

Neural Crest Derivatives

A

MAGIC COPS

Melanocytes
Aorticopulmonary Septum
Ganglia
Iris Stroma
Chromaffin Cells
Cranial nerves
Ossicles/Odontoblasts
Parafollicular Cells
Schwann Cells
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9
Q

Fetal hydantoin Syndrome

A

Cleft palate
Cardiac defects
Phalanx/fingernail hypoplasia

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10
Q

What is associated with caudal regression syndrome?

A

Maternal diabetes

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11
Q

What part of the placenta secretes hCG?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast (outer layer of chorionic villi)

**Note: lacks MCH1- expression to decrease chance of attack by maternal immune system

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12
Q

What part of the placenta is derived from mom’s endometrium?

A

Decidua Basalis

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13
Q

Role of B-hCG

A

Strucutrally similar to LH

Stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone during first trimester until placenta can take over

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14
Q

Urine discharge from umbilicus

A

Patent urachus

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15
Q

Meconium discharge from umbilicus

A

Vitelline duct fails to close

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16
Q

Partial closure of vitelline duct, with patent portion attached to ileum

A

Meckel diverticulum

**true diverticulum

17
Q

Aortic Arch derivatives

A 
1 = maxillary artery
2 = stapedial artery
3 = Common Carotid Artery
4 = left - aortic arch, right - right subclavian artery
5 = obliterates
6 = pulmonary arteries, and ductus arteriosis
18
Q

Cyst in lateral neck

A

Brachial cleft cyst

19
Q

What does the paramesonephric duct become?

A

Female internal sturcutres

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Upper portion of vagina

20
Q

What does the mesonephric duct become?

A

Male internal structures (except prostate)

Seminal Vesicles
Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens

21
Q

What hormone is required for development of male external structures?

A

DHT

22
Q

What enzyme coverts testosterone to DHT, what drug inhibits it?

A

5-alpha reductase

Finasteride

23
Q

Cause of hypospadias

A

Failure or urethral folds to fuse

24
Q

Cause of epispadias, what is it associted with?

A

Faulty positioning of genital tubercle

**associated with extrophy of the bladder

25
Q

What anchors testes with in the scrotom?

A

Gubernaculum

26
Q

What forms the tunica vaginalis?

A

Processus vaginals (evagination of peritoneum)

27
Q

What structure contains the ovarian vessels?

A

Infudibulpelvic ligament (suspensory ligament of the ovary)

Ligate vessels during oophorectomy to avoid bleeding

28
Q

What is contained with in the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Ovaries
Fallopian Tubes
Round ligaments of uterus

29
Q

Infertility + anosmia

A

Kallmann Syndrome

Failure to complete puberty due defective migration of GnRH cells and formation of olfactory bulb

Decreased synthesis of GnRH in the hypothalamus

30
Q

Ovrian fibroma
Ascites
Hydrothorax

A

Meigs Syndrome

31
Q

Are there chorionic vili present in a choriocarcinoma?

A

Nope!

32
Q

Whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles with well demarcated borders

A

Leiomyoma (Fibroid)

Most common tumor in females
Usually multiple
Premenopausal
Driven by estrogen

DOES NOT progress to leomyosarcoma

33
Q

Serous or bloody nipple discharge would most likely indicate?

A

Intraductal papilloma

34
Q

Eczematous patches on nipple

With large clear cells in epidermis with clear halo

A

Paget Disease

Results from underlying DCIS

35
Q

Orderly rows of cells due to decreased E-cadherin

A

Invasive Lobular carcinoma

USMLE REVIEW (25 decks)

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