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USMLE REVIEW > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Screening guidelines for mammograms

A

Starting age 50 -75 every 2 years

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2
Q

Screening guidelines for cervical cancer

A

Pap smear starting age 21 every 3 years until 65

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3
Q

Screening guidelines for prostate cancer

A

No recommended screening

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4
Q

Screening guidelines for colon cancer

A

Colonoscopy every 10 years from 50-75

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5
Q

Screening guidelines for lung cancer?

A

Annual chest CT for smokers w/ 30 pack year history from age 55-80

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6
Q

Alkaline phosphatase tumor marker

A

Metastases to bone or liver
Pagets disease
Seminoma

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7
Q

Alpha feto protein

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma
Yolk sac tumor

**high levels also associated with neural tube and abdominal wall defects

**low levels in down syndrome

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8
Q

B-hCG

A

Hydatidaform moles
Choriocarcinoma

**produced by synchtiotrophoblasts of the placenta

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9
Q

CA19-9

A

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

CA125

A

Ovarian cancer

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11
Q

CEA

A

Non specific but produced in 70% of colon and pancreatic cancers

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12
Q

Chromogranin

A

Neuroendocrine tumors/ carcinoid

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13
Q

S100

A

Melanoma

Schwannoma

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14
Q

TRAP

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

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15
Q

Methotrexate

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reducatse

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16
Q

Inhibits thymidylate synthase

A

5-Fluorouracil

17
Q

What can be given to reverse the myelosuppression from methotrexate?

A

Leucovorin

18
Q

Rate liming step in purine synthesis is inhibited by what cancer drug?

A

RL = glutamine PRPP amidotransferase

Inhibited by 6-Mercaptopurine

19
Q

Cancer drug inhibited by xanthine oxidase?

A

6-Mercaptopurine

20
Q

MOA and SE of busulfan?

A

Cross links DNA

SE = pulmonary fibrosis!

21
Q

Cancer drug that cross-links DNA

Can cause hemorrhagic cystits

A

Cyclophosphamide

22
Q

What drug can be used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis causes by cyclophosphamide?

A

Mesna

23
Q

Use for carmustine

A

Alkylating agent that can cross blood-brain barrier!! Used for brain tumors, also causes CNS toxicity

24
Q

Doxorubicin

Daunorubicin

A

Generates free radicals AND interalates DNA

25
Q

Antitumor antibiotics that are cardiotoxic and cause dialated cardiomyopathy?

A

Doxorubicin

Daunorubicin

26
Q

2 anti-cancer drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Busulfan (alkylates)

Bleomycin (Fragments DNA)

27
Q

Blocks purine synthesis

Metabolized by xanthine oxidase

A

6-MP

28
Q

Nitrogen mustard

Alkylates DNA

A

Carmustine

29
Q

DNA alkylating agents used in brain cancer

A

Nitrosoureas

Carmustine
Lomustine
Semustine

**Can cross blood brain barrier!!

30
Q

Intercalates DNA
Produces oxygen free radials
Cardiotoxic

A

Doxorubicin

31
Q

Applied topically for actinic keratoses and basal cell cancers

A

5-FU

32
Q

Treatment for childhood tumors: Ewing Sarcoma, WIlms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Dactinomycin

“Children Act Out”

33
Q

4 drug categories that are both Nephrotoxic and ototoxic

A 
Vancomycin
Aminoglycosides
Loop Diuretics
Cisplatin
Carboplatin
34
Q

Drugs used for testicular cancer?

A

“Eardicate Ball Cancer”

Etoposide
Bleomycin
Cisplatin

35
Q

Blocks polymerizaiton of microtubules

A

Vincristine

Vinblastine

36
Q

Hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules in M phase so that mitosis spindle cannot break down

A

Paclitaxel

37
Q

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

A

Hydroxyurea

38
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL

A

Imatinib

39
Q

Monoclonal antibody against HER-2

A

Trastuzumab

USMLE REVIEW (25 decks)

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