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USMLE REVIEW > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Precursor to sqaumous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimualtes vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with sever burns

A

Curling Ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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5
Q

Aortic aneurysma, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (vaso vasorum destruction)

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, throacic

A

Marfan Syndrome

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8
Q

Aortic Dissection

A

HTN

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9
Q

Atrophy of mammillary bodies

A

Wernike encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (HbS)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. Pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumo

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Newborns = Group B Step, E. Coli

Kids/teens = S. pneumo, N. meningitidis

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14
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenbergy Tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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16
Q

Brain tumor adults

A

Supratenetorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (Glioblastoma), meningioma, schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor kids

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial = cranipharyngioma

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18
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal)

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20
Q

Benign breast tumor

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor in kids

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocaridtis (nonbacterial)

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23
Q

Cardia tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma in left atrium

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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25
Chronic arrhytmia
A fib (high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predispositon to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21 hydroxylase deficiency
29
Congential cardiac anomaly
VSD
30
Congential conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
31
Constrictive peridcarditis
TB, idiopathic, viral illness
32
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > circumflex
33
Cretinism
Iodine deficient/ congential hypothyroidism
34
Cushing Syndrome
Iatrogenic Adrenocortical adenoma ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma Paraneoplastic
35
Early cyanosis
Tetralogy of fallot Transposition of great vessels Truncus arteriosis
36
Late cyanosis
VSD ASD PDA
37
Death in CML
Blast Crises
38
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
39
Dementia
Alzheimer Disease, multiple infacts (vascualr dementia_
40
Demyelinating disease in young women
MS
41
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, majory surgery
42
Dietary deficient
Iron
43
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum
44
Ejection click
Aortic Stenosis
45
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide) | Adenocarcinoma (US)
46
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. Aureus | B. cerus
47
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger Disease (IgA nephropathy)
48
Congenital heart murmur
Mitral valve prolapse
49
Gynecologic malignancy
``` Endometrial carcinoma ( in US) Cervical carcinoma (world wide) ```
50
Herat valve in bacterial endocaritis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever) | Tricupsid = IV drug use
51
Helminth Infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
52
Epidural hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery
53
Subdural hematoma
Rupture of bridging viens
54
Hemochromatosis
Mutliple blood transfusions, or hereditary HFE mutation "Bronze diabetes" Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
55
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver | Hep B and Hep C
56
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand DIsease
57
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert Syndrome (benign congential unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
58
HLA-B27
Anklyosising Sponylitis Reactive arthirtis Ulcerative colitis Psoriatic arthrits
59
HLA-DR3
Diabetes Type 1 SLE Graves Hasimotos
60
HLA-DR4
Diabetes type 1 | RA
61
Holosytolic murmur
VSD Triscupid Regurg Mitral Regurg
62
Hypercoagulability Endothelal damage Blood Stais
Virchow Triad (increased risk of thrombosis)
63
Secondary HTN
Renal disease
64
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision durin gthryoidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary Adenoma
66
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hep C
67
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Catalase + Cats Need PLACESS ``` Nocarida Psuedomonas Listeria Aspergillus Candida E. Coli Staph Serratia ```
68
Intellectual disability
Down Syndrome | Fragile X-Syndrome
69
Kidney stones
Calcium - radiopaque Struvite - radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms) Uric acid = radiolucent
70
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left
Eisenmenger Syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD
71
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
72
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher Disease
73
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
74
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin Lymphoma
75
Malignancy in kids
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thryoid
77
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
78
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
79
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
80
Mitral Valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
81
Myocarditis
Cox B
82
Nephrotic Syndrome Adults
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
83
Nephrotic kids
Minimal change disease
84
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann Syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonasdism and ansomia)
85
Nosocomial Pneumonia
S. Aureus, psuedomonas, other enteric gram neg rods
86
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
87
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
88
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecci
89
Osteomyelitis
S. Aureus (most common overall)
90
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
91
Oteomyelitis in IV drug users
Psudomonas, candida, s. aureus
92
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
93
Ovarian tumor malignant
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
94
Pancreatitis
Gallstones | Alcohol
95
Chronic pancreatitis
``` Alcohol (adults) Cystic fibrosis (kids) ```
96
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Chlamydia | Gonorrheae
97
Philadelphia Chromosome | t(9;22) BCR-ABL
CML
98
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
99
Primary amenorrhea
Turner Syndrome (x,o)
100
Primary bone tumor (adults)
multiple myeloma
101
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrnal cortex
102
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
103
Primary liver cancer
Heptocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochormatoisis, anti-trypisin deficiency, Wilson disease)
104
Pulmonary HTN
COPD
105
Recurrent inflammation/ thrombisis of small/medium vessels in extremeities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
106
Renal tumor
Renal Cell Carcinoma Von hippel-LIndau Paraneopalstic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
107
Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
108
S3 heart sounds
Increased ventricular filing pressure, common in dilated ventricles
109
S4 heart sounds
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
110
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
111
Sexually transmitted disease
C. trachomatis (usually coinfected with N. gonorrhoea)
112
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
113
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid Colon
114
SIte of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotic artery
115
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
116
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
117
T (14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptoc oncogene)
118
t(8:14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
119
t(9:22)
Philadelphia chromosome CML BCR-ABL activation Tyrosine Kinase oncogene
120
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of opthalmic artery Polymyalgia Rheumatica
121
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
122
Thyroid Cancer
Papillary carcinoma
123
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
124
Tumor in infancy
Strawberry angioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhoood)
125
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
126
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
127
Type of Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
128
Type of non-hodgkin lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
129
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis
130
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobs
HSV-1
131
Vitamin Deficiency (US)
Folate

USMLE REVIEW (25 decks)

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