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USMLE REVIEW > Key Associations > Flashcards

Key Associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

Precursor to sqaumous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

A

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimualtes vagal gastric H+ secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated with sever burns

A

Curling Ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

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5
Q

Aortic aneurysma, abdominal

A

Atherosclerosis

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (vaso vasorum destruction)

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, throacic

A

Marfan Syndrome

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8
Q

Aortic Dissection

A

HTN

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9
Q

Atrophy of mammillary bodies

A

Wernike encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell disease (HbS)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. Pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumo

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Newborns = Group B Step, E. Coli

Kids/teens = S. pneumo, N. meningitidis

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14
Q

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

A

Krukenbergy Tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder with Gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)

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16
Q

Brain tumor adults

A

Supratenetorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (Glioblastoma), meningioma, schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor kids

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial = cranipharyngioma

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18
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal)

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20
Q

Benign breast tumor

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor in kids

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Marantic/thrombotic endocaridtis (nonbacterial)

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23
Q

Cardia tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, myxoma in left atrium

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari II malformation

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25
Q

Chronic arrhytmia

A

A fib (high risk of emboli)

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26
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

Predispositon to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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27
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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28
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21 hydroxylase deficiency

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29
Q

Congential cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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30
Q

Congential conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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31
Q

Constrictive peridcarditis

A

TB, idiopathic, viral illness

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32
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > circumflex

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33
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficient/ congential hypothyroidism

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34
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A

Iatrogenic
Adrenocortical adenoma
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic

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35
Q

Early cyanosis

A

Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Truncus arteriosis

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36
Q

Late cyanosis

A

VSD
ASD
PDA

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37
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast Crises

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38
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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39
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer Disease, multiple infacts (vascualr dementia_

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40
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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41
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, majory surgery

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42
Q

Dietary deficient

A

Iron

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43
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker diverticulum

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44
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic Stenosis

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45
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)

Adenocarcinoma (US)

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46
Q

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. Aureus

B. cerus

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47
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger Disease (IgA nephropathy)

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48
Q

Congenital heart murmur

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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49
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A 
Endometrial carcinoma ( in US)
Cervical carcinoma (world wide)
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50
Q

Herat valve in bacterial endocaritis

A

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever)

Tricupsid = IV drug use

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51
Q

Helminth Infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

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52
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery

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53
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Rupture of bridging viens

54
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Mutliple blood transfusions, or hereditary HFE mutation
“Bronze diabetes”
Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

55
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver

Hep B and Hep C

56
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

Von Willebrand DIsease

57
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert Syndrome (benign congential unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

58
Q

HLA-B27

A

Anklyosising Sponylitis
Reactive arthirtis
Ulcerative colitis
Psoriatic arthrits

59
Q

HLA-DR3

A

Diabetes Type 1
SLE
Graves
Hasimotos

60
Q

HLA-DR4

A

Diabetes type 1

RA

61
Q

Holosytolic murmur

A

VSD
Triscupid Regurg
Mitral Regurg

62
Q

Hypercoagulability
Endothelal damage
Blood Stais

A

Virchow Triad (increased risk of thrombosis)

63
Q

Secondary HTN

A

Renal disease

64
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision durin gthryoidectomy

65
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary Adenoma

66
Q

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

Hep C

67
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

Catalase +
Cats Need PLACESS

Nocarida
Psuedomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E. Coli
Staph
Serratia
68
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Down Syndrome

Fragile X-Syndrome

69
Q

Kidney stones

A

Calcium - radiopaque
Struvite - radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms)
Uric acid = radiolucent

70
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left

A

Eisenmenger Syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD

71
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

72
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher Disease

73
Q

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

74
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

75
Q

Malignancy in kids

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

76
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thryoid

77
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

78
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

79
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

80
Q

Mitral Valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

81
Q

Myocarditis

A

Cox B

82
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome Adults

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

83
Q

Nephrotic kids

A

Minimal change disease

84
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann Syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonasdism and ansomia)

85
Q

Nosocomial Pneumonia

A

S. Aureus, psuedomonas, other enteric gram neg rods

86
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

BPH

87
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

88
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jirovecci

89
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

S. Aureus (most common overall)

90
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

A

Salmonella

91
Q

Oteomyelitis in IV drug users

A

Psudomonas, candida, s. aureus

92
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

93
Q

Ovarian tumor malignant

A

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

94
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Gallstones

Alcohol

95
Q

Chronic pancreatitis

A 
Alcohol (adults)
Cystic fibrosis (kids)
96
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A

Chlamydia

Gonorrheae

97
Q

Philadelphia Chromosome

t(9;22) BCR-ABL

A

CML

98
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma

99
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

Turner Syndrome (x,o)

100
Q

Primary bone tumor (adults)

A

multiple myeloma

101
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrnal cortex

102
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

103
Q

Primary liver cancer

A

Heptocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochormatoisis, anti-trypisin deficiency, Wilson disease)

104
Q

Pulmonary HTN

A

COPD

105
Q

Recurrent inflammation/ thrombisis of small/medium vessels in extremeities

A

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

106
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma
Von hippel-LIndau
Paraneopalstic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)

107
Q

Right heart failure due to pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

108
Q

S3 heart sounds

A

Increased ventricular filing pressure, common in dilated ventricles

109
Q

S4 heart sounds

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

110
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

111
Q

Sexually transmitted disease

A

C. trachomatis (usually coinfected with N. gonorrhoea)

112
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

113
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid Colon

114
Q

SIte of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotic artery

115
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

116
Q

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

117
Q

T (14;18)

A

Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptoc oncogene)

118
Q

t(8:14)

A

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)

119
Q

t(9:22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome
CML
BCR-ABL activation
Tyrosine Kinase oncogene

120
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of opthalmic artery

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

121
Q

Testicular tumor

A

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

122
Q

Thyroid Cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

123
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

124
Q

Tumor in infancy

A

Strawberry angioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhoood)

125
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

126
Q

Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

127
Q

Type of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

128
Q

Type of non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

129
Q

Vertebral compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis

130
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobs

A

HSV-1

131
Q

Vitamin Deficiency (US)

A

Folate

USMLE REVIEW (25 decks)

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