Microbiology Flashcards
1
Q
Killed viral vaccines
A
Injected influenza and polio
Rabies
HAV
2
Q
Flesh-colored papule with central umbilication
A
Molluscum contagiosum
Poxvirus
DS and linear
3
Q
What property of influenza genome causes pandemics?
A
Genetic shift = reassortment of viral genome segments
4
Q
AIDs patient w/ CD4 count
A
Mycobacteria M. avium or M intracellulare
5
Q
Negri Bodies
A
Rabies Virus
6
Q
What bugs do not gram stain well?
A
Treponema - too thin to visualize Mycoplasma - no cell wall Mycobacteria - high content of mycolic acids in cell wall Chlamydia - intracellular Ricketsii- intracellular Legionella - intracellular
7
Q
Temporal lobe encephalitis
A
HSV-1
8
Q
Ground glass opacities on CXR/CT
Dissc-shaped yeast forms on methenamine silver stain
A
Pneumocystis jirovecii
9
Q
Prophylaxis for M. avium/intracellulare in AIDs patients
A
Weekly azithormycin
Resistant to many antimycobacerial drugs
10
Q
Disc shaped yeast forms on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue
Ground glass opacities on CXR
A
Pneumocystis jirovecii
11
Q
Stain for Borrelia
A
Giemsa
12
Q
Subacute sclerosisng panencephalitis
A
Measles (rubeola virus)
13
Q
-Systemic mycoses
-Spherule (much larger than RBCs) filled with endospores can become areosolized
-Increased case rate after earthquakes
SW US and Cali
A
Coccidioidomycosis
14
Q
Exotoxin that inhibits release of inhibitory (GABA and glycine) NT
A
Clostridium tetani
*proteases that cleave SNARE (a set of proteins required for neurotransmitter release)
15
Q
CSH increased neutrophils
Increased protein
Decreased Glucose
A
Bacterial CSF
16
Q
Stain for Chlamydia
A
Giemsa
17
Q
Stain for cryptococcus neoformans?
A
India Ink
18
Q
Stain for legionella?
A
Silver Stain
19
Q
Triad for congenital rubella?
A
PDA
Cataracts
Hearing loss
- blueberry muffin rash
- mental retardation
20
Q
Prodromal upper respiratory tract infection
Continuous cough
Cough is followed by posttussive emesis
Vaccine preventable
A
Bordatella Pertussis
*Bordet Gengou Agar
21
Q
Exotoxins that inactivate the 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
A
Shigella - Shiga Toxin
EHEC - Shiga Like Toxin (does not invade host cells)
***CAN CAUSE HUS
22
Q
Stain for plasmodium
A
Giemsa
23
Q
Lymphadenopathy + a new kitten
A
Cat scratch disease
Bartonella
24
Q
Bright pink oocysts
Causes severe watery diarrhea in aids patient
A
Cryptosporidium
25
Rabbit hunter
Francisella tularensis
26
"Soap bubble" in brain
Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis
Tx with amphotericin
27
Large cells with intranuclear basophilic inclusions in an immunocompromised patient
"Owl's eye"
| CMV
28
What organism causes african sleeping sickness?
Fever
Enlarged lymph nodes
Recurring fever
Somnolence
Trypanosoma brucei
29
Number one cause of fatal diarrhea in kids?
Rotavirus
dsRNA virus
Not enveloped- lasts longer in enviornment
30
```
Bloody diarrhea
Liver abscess
RUP pain
Histology shows flask shaped ulcer
Trophozoites with RBCs in the cytoplasm
```
Entamoeba histolytica
31
Influenza antigenic drift is due to....
Lack of proofreading activity of RNA polymerase causes an increased chance for mutations during replication process
32
Stain for Trypanosomes
Giemsa
33
Torch infection causing
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications
Toxoplasmosis
34
Fevers/Chills
Flank Pain
Costovertebral tenderness
WBC CASTS
Pylonephritis
35
Zanamivir
| Oseltamivir
Neuraminidase inhibitors = prevents release of virions from host cell
36
Dark/violaceous plaques or nodules in HIV/AIDs paitent
Kaposi Sarcoma (HHV 8)
Neoplasm of endothelial cells
Can also infect GI and lungs
37
Steeple sign on CXR
| Seal-like barking cough
Croup
Parainfluenza virus
Paramyxovirus family
38
Causes the common cold?
Rhinovirus
| Coronavirus
39
Type A cowdry bodies = intranuclear eosinophilic droplets.... found in..
HSV
VZV
CMV
40
Stain for H. Pylori?
Silver Stain
41
Vector for plasmodium infection
Anopheles mosquito
42
Treatment for syphilis in a pregnant patient who is allergic to penicillins?
Desensitize and then give penicillin
43
Owl Eye inlcusions
CMV
44
High lymphocyte counts in CSF would indicate what?
TB/Fungal/VIral
45
Paramyxoviruses (RSV, Parainfluenza, mumps, measles) have a protein that causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells...
F protein
46
Exotoxin that over activates adenylate cyclase by inhibiting Gi protein, impairing phagocytosis
Bordetella pertussis
47
Exotoxins that inactivate elongation factor (EF-2)
C. Diptheria
| Pseudomonase (Exotoxin A)
48
Exotoxins of ETEC
Heat-liable: over activates adenylate cyclase increasing cAMP, increases Cl excretion
Heat-stable: over activates guanylate cyclase increases cGMP, decreasing NaCl reabsorption
"LABILE in the Air, and STABLE on the Ground"
49
Common cause of bronchiolitis/pneumonia in infants
| Wheezing, respiratory distress
RSV
| Paramyxovirus family
50
Rodent droppings & Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Hanta Virus
51
Bugs that have capsule?
```
E. Coli
Strep. Pneumo
Pseudomonas
N. Meningitidis
Klebsiella
H. Flu Type B
Salmonella Typhi
Group B Strep
```
"Even Some Pretty Nasty Killers Have Shiney Bodies"
52
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications
Congenital Toxoplasmosis
53
Torch infection causing
PDA
Cataracts
Deafness
Congenital Rubella
54
Dog or cat Bite
Pasteruella multocida
Causes cellulitis and osteomyelitis
55
Stain for Rickettsia
Giemsa
56
Most common cause of pneumonia and meningitis?
Strep. Pneumo
| GRAM POSITIVE DIPLOCOCCI
57
Subunit vaccines
HBV
| HPV
58
"Barking cough"
Inspiratory stridor
Intercostal retractions
Croup
parainfluenza
-ssRNA linear non-segmented
59
Causes croup?
Parainfluenza
60
Saddle nose
Snuffles
Hutchinson teeth
Saber shins
Congenital rubella
61
Systemic mycoses
Bird or bat droppings
Hides in Macrophages
Smaller than RBCs
Histoplasma capsulatum
"Histo hides in macrophages"
62
URI + diarrhea + conjuctivitis
Adenovirus
63
Osteomyelitis with involvement of the vertebrae
POTT DISEASE
| mycobacterium tuberculosis
64
Catalase + organisms
CATs Need PLACESS to hide
CAT= Catalase +
```
Nocardia
Psuedomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
E. Coli
Staphylococci
Serratia
```
65
Causes pneumonia in immunocompromised and increases patients risk for liver cancer
Septae hyphae that branch at V-shaped 45 degree angle
Aspergillus
"Acute Angle in Aspergillus"
66
Which enzymes do obligate anaerobes lack?
Catalase and/or superoxide dismutase
*susceptible to oxidative stress
67
Transient aplastic crisis in sickle cell patient
Parvo Virus B19
68
```
Dysuria
Frequency
Suprapubic pain
WBCs but NO CASTS
+ leukocyte esterase
+ nitrites
```
Cystitis
+ nitrites usually indicate Enterobacteria (E. Coli)
69
Only dsRNA virus?
Rotavirus
70
Brain abscess seen as ring enhancing lesion on CT in AIDs patient
Toxoplasmosis
71
Exotoxin that mimics the adenylate cyclase enzyme and increases cAMP
Bacillus anthracis - Edema toxin
*likely responsible for characteristic edematous borders of black eschar in cutaneous anthrax
72
Influenza causing a pandemic is due to.....
Antigenic SHIFT
| *Viruses with segmented genomes exhchange segments
73
Koplik Spots
Measles (rubeola virus)
74
Torch infection causing hydrops fetalis
Parvovirus B19
75
What property of influenza genome causes epidemics?
Minor/ antigenic drift
Changes based on random mutation in hemagglutinin or neuraminidase genes
76
MOA of acyclovir
Guanosine analog
First phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase
Then inhibits DNA polymerase
Activity against = HSV1, HSV2, VZV, EBV
77
What test detects heterophile antibodies?
Monospot test
Heterophile antibodies aglglutinate of sheep or horse blood
EBV virus infection
78
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell patient
Salmonella
79
Most common TORCH infection
CMV
80
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Megaesophagus
Megacolon
Chagas Disease = T. Cruzi
81
Fluke associated with hematuria and bladder cancer
Schistosoma
82
Heterophile negative mononucleosis
CMV infection
| Acute HIV
83
Owl's eye protozoan
Campers/hikers
Bloating, flatulence
Foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea
Giardia Lamblia
Tx: metronidazole
84
HSV-1 is latent in....
Dormant in sensory neurons = trigeminal gnanglia
Causes oral herpes labialies (cold sores)
85
"slapped cheeks" rash in children
Erythemia infectiosum
5th disease
Parvovirus B19 infection
86
What cells does EBV infect?
Infects B cells through CD21
Atypical lymphocytes seen on blood smear = Downey Cells
87
Transmitted by sand flys
Leishmania
88
What does PAS stain?
Glycogen
| *used to diagnose whipple disease
89
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV patients
JC virus
90
Bacteria with "school of fish" appearance
Haemophilus ducreyi
91
3-5 days of high fever
| Then diffuse macuolpaular rash
Roseola
HHV-6/HHV-7
92
Pet prairie dog
Yersinia Pestis = Plague
93
Rice Water Diarrhea
Vibrio Cholerae
Overactivates adenylate cyclase, increasing cAMP, increasing Cl excretion
94
Only DNV virus that is single stranded?
Parvovirus
95
Live attenuated viral vaccines
```
Oral Polio
Intranasal influenza
Small Pox
Chicken Pox
MMR
Yellow Fever
Rotavirus
```
96
Multiple painful vesicles
HSV-2
Latent in sacral nerve root ganglia
97
Systemic mycoses
Same size as RBC
Broad Based Buds
Blastomycosis
98
TORCH infections
```
Toxoplasmosis
Other (Parvo B19)
Rubella
CMV
HIV/Herpes
Syphillis
```
99
Prophylaxis for pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a patient with a sulfa allergy?
Aerosolized pentamidine
100
Stain for acid fast bacteria?
Ziehl-Neelsen
101
Parasite with biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorschis sinesis
From undercooked fish
Tx: Praziquantel
102
Parasite with brain cysts, seizures
Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
Undercooked pork, eggs
Tx: Praziquantel
103
Parasite with hematuria, sqaumous cell bladder cancer
Schistosoma haematobium
Snails are hosts, freshwater
104
Parasite with liver cysts
Echinococcus granulosus
Dog feces, sheep
*Causes anaphylaxis if antigens are released
105
Parasite causing B12 deficiency/ megaloblastic anemia
Diphyllobothrium lactum
From raw freshwater fish
Tx: Praziquantel
106
Parasite causing microcytic anemia
Ancylostoma
| Necator
107
Parasite causing myalgias, periorbital edema
Trichinella apiralis
108
Parasite causing portal hypertension
Schistosoma
