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USMLE REVIEW > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anticentromere Abs

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) Abs

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane Abs

A

Goodpasture Syndrome (glomerulonephritis, hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistoine Abs

A 
Drug induced SLE
"SHIPP"
Sulfalazine
Hydralazine
Isoniazide
Phenyotin
Procainamide
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5
Q

Antimotichondrial Abs

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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6
Q

MPO-ANCA/ pANCA

A

Microscopic Polyangiitis

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)

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7
Q

PR3-ANCE/ cANCA

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

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8
Q

Antinuclear Abs
Anti Smith
Anti dsDNA

A

SLE (type 3 hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet Abs

A

Idiopathic Thromobocytopenic Purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase abs

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti endomysial abs

A

Celiac Disease (diarrhea wt loss)

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12
Q

Apple core lesion on barium enema xray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)

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13
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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14
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer Rods (AML especialy the promyelocytis type/ M3)

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15
Q

Bacitracin response

A

S. pyogenes = sensitive

S. agalactiea = resistant

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16
Q

Bamboo spine on xray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis)

HLA-B27

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17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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18
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBcs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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19
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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20
Q

“boot shaped” heart on xray

A

Tetralogy of Fallow (due to RVH)

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21
Q

Branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israllei

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22
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor- can compress cerical sympathetic chain and cause horner syndrome)

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23
Q

“Brown tumor” or bone

A

Hyperparathyroidisim or osteitis fibrosa cytstica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

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24
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrphy

A

Chagas Disease (T. cruzi)

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25
Q

Cellular crescents in bowman capusle

A

Rapidly Progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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26
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

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27
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

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28
Q

Colonies of mucoid Psuedomonas in lungs

A

Cystic Fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutaiton in CFTR gene - fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

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29
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum

A

Down syndrome

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30
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsali

Subacute combined degeneration - dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

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31
Q

Delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolf-parkinson white syndrome (bundle of kent bypasses AV node)

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32
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

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33
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in wholred mucous plugs)

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34
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinohpilic fluid

A

Call-Enxer Bodies = granulosa cell tumore of the ovary

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35
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV, predisposes to cervical cancer)

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36
Q

Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)

A

Pericardial tamponade

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37
Q

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

Owl eye appearance of CMV

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38
Q

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing

A

Orphan Annie nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

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39
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

A

Mallory Body (alcoholic liver disease)

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40
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

A

Lewy Body (Parkinson Disease)

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41
Q

Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman body (viral hepatits, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis

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42
Q

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebelar neurons

A

Negri bodies of rabies

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43
Q

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

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44
Q

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominant inclusions (Owl’s Eye)

A

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin Lymphoma)

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45
Q

Glomerulus-like structure surround vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

46
Q

Hair on end/Crew cut appearance on xrya

A

B-thalaseemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)

47
Q

hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma

Hydatidiform mole

48
Q

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff Bodies (Rheumatic Fever)

49
Q

Heterophile Abs

A

Infectious mononucleousis (EBV)

50
Q

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like cyrstals in bronchial secretions

A

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals, eosinophlic granules)

51
Q

High levels of D dimers

A

DVT, PE, DIC

52
Q

Hilar lymphadenopathy

Peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon complex (primary TB)

53
Q

Honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

54
Q

Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTS and vasculitis)

A

Troussea Syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancrease or lung)

55
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anemia

B12 deficiency = neuro symptoms

Folate deficiency = no neuro symptoms

56
Q

Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Conn Syndrome = Primary hyperaldosteronism

57
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia
Lead poisoning
Thalassemia

58
Q

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum

A

Dating error
Anencephaly
Spina Bifida (neural tube defects)

59
Q

Increased uric acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhand syndrome, tumore lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics

60
Q

Intranuclear eosinophlic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or VZV)

61
Q

Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis, increased chance of mesothelioma)

62
Q

Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy

A

Squamous Cell carcinoma

63
Q

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

64
Q

Lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging

A

Ulcerative Colitis

65
Q

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

66
Q

Low serum ceruloplasim

A

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

67
Q

Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)

68
Q

Lytic “punched out” bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple myeloma

69
Q

Mammary gland blue domed cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of breast

70
Q

Monoclonal antibody spike

A
  • Muliptle myeloma (IgG or IgA)
  • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermine significance, MGUS
  • Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
  • Primary Amyloidosis
71
Q

Mucin-filled cell peripheral nucleus

A

“Signet ring” gastric carcinoma

72
Q

Narrowing of bowel lumn on barium x-ray

A

String sign = Crohn Disease

73
Q

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and goodpasture syndrome

74
Q

Need-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals

A

Gout (monosodium urate cyrstals)

75
Q

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

76
Q

Novobiocin response

A

S. epi = sensitive

S. sapro = resistant

77
Q

“Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or budd-chiari syndrome

78
Q

“Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing Sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)

79
Q

Optochin response

A

S. pneumo = sensitive

Viridans = resistant

80
Q

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman trangle on x-ray

Osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis

81
Q

Podocyte effacement on electron microscopy

A

Minimal change disease

82
Q

Polished, ivory like appearance of bone on cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

83
Q

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

A

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer)

Pick bodies if spherical

84
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Papillary thyroid Carcinoma
Serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
Meningiomas
Mesothelimoma

85
Q

Pseudopalisading tumore cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

86
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

Glomerulonephritis

87
Q

Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells

A

Reinke cyrstals (leydig cell tumor_

88
Q

Recurrent infections
Eczema
Thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

89
Q

Renal epithalial casts in urine

A

Intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)

90
Q

Rhomboid crystals, positively biefringent

A

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate cyrstals)

91
Q

Rib notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

92
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDs

A

Toxoplasma gondii

CNS lymphoma

93
Q

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
“starry sky” histology

A

Burkitt Lympona
t(8:14)
c-myc activation
asccoiated with EBV

94
Q

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease = progressive dementia, changes in personality)

95
Q

“Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on xray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

96
Q

“Spikes” on basement membrane “dome-like” subepithelial deposits

A

Membranous nepthropathy

97
Q

Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux formation (hist ESR, multiple myeloma)

98
Q

Steeple sign on CXR

A

Croup (parainfluenza virus_

99
Q

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

“Clue cells” = gardenlla vaginalis

100
Q

Step bovis bacteremia

A

Colon cancer

101
Q

“Tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organells in langerhands cells

A

Birbeck granules (Langerhands cell histiocytosis)

102
Q

Thousands of polyps on colonoscopty

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)

103
Q

Thromib made of white/red layers

A

Line of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

104
Q

Thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray

A

Epiglottis (H. Flu)

105
Q

Thryoid like appearance of kidney

A

Chronic Peylonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections_

106
Q

“Tram-track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

107
Q

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic, metabolic syndrome)

108
Q

“Waxy” casts with very low urine flow

A

Chronic end-stage renal disease

109
Q

WBCS casts in urine

A

Acute pyleonephritis

110
Q

WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (almost always B-cell)

111
Q

Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephtisis (usually seen with lupus)

112
Q

Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

USMLE REVIEW (25 decks)

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