Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Anticentromere Abs
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) Abs
A
Pemphigus Vulgaris
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane Abs
A
Goodpasture Syndrome (glomerulonephritis, hemoptysis)
4
Q
Antihistoine Abs
A
Drug induced SLE "SHIPP" Sulfalazine Hydralazine Isoniazide Phenyotin Procainamide
5
Q
Antimotichondrial Abs
A
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
6
Q
MPO-ANCA/ pANCA
A
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
7
Q
PR3-ANCE/ cANCA
A
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
8
Q
Antinuclear Abs
Anti Smith
Anti dsDNA
A
SLE (type 3 hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Antiplatelet Abs
A
Idiopathic Thromobocytopenic Purpura
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase abs
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti endomysial abs
A
Celiac Disease (diarrhea wt loss)
12
Q
Apple core lesion on barium enema xray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left sided)
13
Q
Atypical lymphocytes
A
EBV
14
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer Rods (AML especialy the promyelocytis type/ M3)
15
Q
Bacitracin response
A
S. pyogenes = sensitive
S. agalactiea = resistant
16
Q
Bamboo spine on xray
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis)
HLA-B27
17
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
18
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBcs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
“boot shaped” heart on xray
A
Tetralogy of Fallow (due to RVH)
21
Q
Branching gram positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israllei
22
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor- can compress cerical sympathetic chain and cause horner syndrome)
23
Q
“Brown tumor” or bone
A
Hyperparathyroidisim or osteitis fibrosa cytstica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrphy
A
Chagas Disease (T. cruzi)
25
Cellular crescents in bowman capusle
Rapidly Progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
Chocolate cyst of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
27
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid Psuedomonas in lungs
Cystic Fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutaiton in CFTR gene - fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
29
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum
Down syndrome
30
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsali
| Subacute combined degeneration - dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
31
Delta wave on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia
Wolf-parkinson white syndrome (bundle of kent bypasses AV node)
32
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
33
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in wholred mucous plugs)
34
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinohpilic fluid
Call-Enxer Bodies = granulosa cell tumore of the ovary
35
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "raisinoid" nuclei and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV, predisposes to cervical cancer)
36
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
Pericardial tamponade
37
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
Owl eye appearance of CMV
38
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei with central clearing
Orphan Annie nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
39
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory Body (alcoholic liver disease)
40
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy Body (Parkinson Disease)
41
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (viral hepatits, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
42
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebelar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
43
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
44
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominant inclusions (Owl's Eye)
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin Lymphoma)
45
Glomerulus-like structure surround vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
46
Hair on end/Crew cut appearance on xrya
B-thalaseemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
47
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma
| Hydatidiform mole
48
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff Bodies (Rheumatic Fever)
49
Heterophile Abs
Infectious mononucleousis (EBV)
50
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like cyrstals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals, eosinophlic granules)
51
High levels of D dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
52
Hilar lymphadenopathy
| Peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB)
53
Honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
54
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTS and vasculitis)
Troussea Syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancrease or lung)
55
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia
B12 deficiency = neuro symptoms
Folate deficiency = no neuro symptoms
56
Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis
Conn Syndrome = Primary hyperaldosteronism
57
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
Lead poisoning
Thalassemia
58
Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum
Dating error
Anencephaly
Spina Bifida (neural tube defects)
59
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhand syndrome, tumore lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
60
Intranuclear eosinophlic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
61
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis, increased chance of mesothelioma)
62
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous Cell carcinoma
63
Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
64
Lead pipe appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
Ulcerative Colitis
65
Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
66
Low serum ceruloplasim
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
67
Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)
68
Lytic "punched out" bone lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
69
Mammary gland blue domed cyst
Fibrocystic change of breast
70
Monoclonal antibody spike
- Muliptle myeloma (IgG or IgA)
- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermine significance, MGUS
- Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
- Primary Amyloidosis
71
Mucin-filled cell peripheral nucleus
"Signet ring" gastric carcinoma
72
Narrowing of bowel lumn on barium x-ray
String sign = Crohn Disease
73
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and goodpasture syndrome
74
Need-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate cyrstals)
75
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
76
Novobiocin response
S. epi = sensitive
| S. sapro = resistant
77
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or budd-chiari syndrome
78
"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing Sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
79
Optochin response
S. pneumo = sensitive
| Viridans = resistant
80
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman trangle on x-ray
| Osteosarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
81
Podocyte effacement on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease
82
Polished, ivory like appearance of bone on cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
83
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer)
Pick bodies if spherical
84
Psammoma bodies
Papillary thyroid Carcinoma
Serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
Meningiomas
Mesothelimoma
85
Pseudopalisading tumore cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
86
RBC casts in urine
Glomerulonephritis
87
Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in leydig cells
Reinke cyrstals (leydig cell tumor_
88
Recurrent infections
Eczema
Thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
89
Renal epithalial casts in urine
Intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)
90
Rhomboid crystals, positively biefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate cyrstals)
91
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
92
Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDs
Toxoplasma gondii
| CNS lymphoma
93
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages
"starry sky" histology
Burkitt Lympona
t(8:14)
c-myc activation
asccoiated with EBV
94
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease = progressive dementia, changes in personality)
95
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
96
"Spikes" on basement membrane "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous nepthropathy
97
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (hist ESR, multiple myeloma)
98
Steeple sign on CXR
Croup (parainfluenza virus_
99
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" = gardenlla vaginalis
100
Step bovis bacteremia
Colon cancer
101
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organells in langerhands cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhands cell histiocytosis)
102
Thousands of polyps on colonoscopty
Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)
103
Thromib made of white/red layers
Line of zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
104
Thumb sign on lateral neck x-ray
Epiglottis (H. Flu)
105
Thryoid like appearance of kidney
Chronic Peylonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections_
106
"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
107
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic, metabolic syndrome)
108
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
109
WBCS casts in urine
Acute pyleonephritis
110
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B-cell)
111
Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephtisis (usually seen with lupus)
112
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
