Renal Proximal Tubule And The Loop Of Henle

Question 1

What is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

Answer 1

Sugars 
Amino acids
Phosohate 
Sulphate 
Lactate

Question 2

What is secreted in the proximal tubule

Answer 2

Hydrogen ions 
Hippurates 
Neurotransmitters 
Bile pigments
Uric acid 
Drugs 
Toxins

Question 3

What is trans cellular

Answer 3

Though the cell

Question 4

What is para cellular

Answer 4

Betweent he epithelia cells

Question 5

What is primary active transport

Answer 5

Energy is directly required to operate the carrier and move the substrate against its conc grad

Question 6

What is secondary active trans

Answer 6

Carrier mol transported coupled to conc grad of an ion usually sodium

Question 7

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 7

Passive carrier mediated transport of a substance down its conc grad

Question 8

Where are sodium pottasium pumps found

Answer 8

Basolateral mem

Question 9

How does isoosmotic fluid reabs across leaky proximal tubule epithelia occur

Answer 9

Standing osmotic grad

Oncotic pressure grad

Question 10

What is glucose abs in proximal tubule

Answer 10

100% of glucose in filtrate reabs in proximal tubule

Question 11

What is the transport maximum of glucose

Answer 11

2mmol/min

Question 12

67% of what is reabs in PT and what is reabs 100%

Answer 12

67% - salts water

100% - glucose and amino acids

Question 13

What is the function of the loop of Henle

Answer 13

Generate a cortico-medullary solute conc grad

Form hypertonic urine

Question 14

What is the fluid flow like in the loop of Henle

Answer 14

Opposing flow in two limbs countercurrent flow
The entire loop = countercurrent multiplier
Together the loop and vasa recta establish a hyper-osmotic medullary interstitial fluid

Question 15

What happens along the ascending limb of the lop of Henle

Answer 15

Along entire length sodium a dn chloride reabs
In ticker parts this is done via active trans while done by passively in thinner parts

This part is relatively perm to water this inflicts upon salt reabs

Question 16

What happens in the descending loop of Henle

Answer 16

Does not reabs sodium chloride highly preamble to water

Question 17

Where is the triple co transporter and what does this do

Answer 17

On luminal surface of epi cell

Moves sodium, pottasium and chloride into cell

Question 18

What does pottasium recycling mean

Answer 18

Means that sodium chloride is abs into interstitial fluid

Question 19

What does loop dietetics do to triple co transporter

Answer 19

Blocks it

Question 20

How does urea pass into loop

Answer 20

Passively diffuse

Question 21

What does ureas

Do to the interstitium

Answer 21

Adds solute

Question 22

Where is not preamble to urea

Answer 22

Distal tubule

Question 23

What is the purpose of the countercurrent multiplication

Answer 23

To concentrate the medially interstitial fluid

Question 24

Why is he medulla interstitial fluid concentrated

Answer 24

To enable kidneys to produce urnie to diff volume and concentration according to amounts of circulating ADH

Question 25

What happens to the blood osmolarity as the loop of Henle dips into medulla and back up

Answer 25

Osmolarity rises as dips into medulla as water lost and salt gained

Osmolarity falls as loop up into cortex as water gained and the solute lost

Question 26

What acts as a countercurrent exchanger

Answer 26

The vasa recta

Question 27

What is the vasa react fully perm to

Answer 27

Nacl and water

Question 28

What creates the medullary osmotic grad

Answer 28

Countercurrent multiplier
Urea cycle
This gradientpreserved by countercurrent exchanger

Question 29

The fluid reabs in the proximal tubule is what with filtrate

Answer 29

iOS osmotic