Kidneys Structure And Function Flashcards
What does the urinary system consist of
Kidneys Renal a and v Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
Where are the kidneys located
T12-L3
What makes up the kidney
Renal cortex
Renal medulla - in renal pyramids giving a striated appearance
Renal pelvis - where urine collects before ureter
Ureter
What is the nephron
Fictional unit of the kidney
About 1 million in a kidney
What are e functional mechanism the nephron does
Filtration. - glomerular
Re absorption - subs solute back into blood
Secretion - subs moved form blood to tubule of fluid then left over urine
What dos the renal artery give rise to
Afferent arteriole which then goes to a tuft of capillaries - glomerulus - efferent then branch to peritubular caps
What are the two types of nephron
Juxtamedullary 20%
Cortical 80%
What is the juxtmedullary nephorn
Longer loop of Henle which descend much further into medulla of kidney
Do not have peritubular capillaries have a single vasa recta
Responsible for more concentrated urine
What are some kidney functions
Water balance Salt balance Maintenance of plasma volume Maintenance of plasma osmolarity Acid base balance Excretion of metabolic waste Excretion of exogenous foreign compounds Secretion of Renin Secretion of EPO Conversion vit d into active form
What so urine
Modified filtrate of blood
What do kidneys incorporate
Filtration system
Rich blood supply
Mechanisms for urine modification - reabs and sec
What are 3 basic renal processes
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabs
Tubular sec
How is the rate of filtration of a substance worked out
Mass of sub filtered into bowmans capsule per unit time
Rate of filtration of sub = plasma conc of sub X GFR
How is the rate of excretion of a substance calculated
Mass of sub excreted per unit time
Rate of excretion of sub = concentration of the sub in the urine X Vu (urine flow rate)
How is the rate of reabsortption of a substance calculated
Rate of filtration > rate of excretion net reabs of sub occurred
Rate of reabs of sub = rate of silt ration of sub - rate of excretion of sub
