Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Ovary And Testis > Flashcards

Ovary And Testis Flashcards

1
Q

Where does oogenesis begin

A

In utero

Mitosis division of oogonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At what stage does the oogonia arrest

A

Prophase where suspended for many years and begins again prior to ovulation
Completed at fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the first polar body

A

One of two products in the first stage of meiosis

Both relatively small and little cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the presence of two polar bodies signify

A

Spermatogenesis entry and the completion of second meiotic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long does the average menstrual cycle last

A

28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many stages are in the menstrual cycle and what are they

A

2 stages
Follicular phase
Lateral phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What roughly happens in the follicular phase

A

Maturation of the egg
Ready for ovulation at mid cycle
Occupation signals end of follicular phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What roughly happens in the literal phase

A

Development of the corpus luteum

Induces prep of reproductive tract for pregnancy if fertilisation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a corpus luteum

A

A hormone secreting structure that develops in an ovary
after an ovum has been discharged after a few days unless pregnancy has begun

Secretes volumes of progesterone and oestrogens making uterus more favourable for implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is GnRH and where is it produced and what does it do

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone
Syn by neurones in hypothalamus
Pulsatile release

Stim FSH and LH syn/release form ant pit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is FSH, where is it produced and what does it do

A

Follicle stim hormone
Secreted by ant pit
Stimulates follicular development
Thickens endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is LH, where is it produced and what does it do

A 
Luteinising homone 
Sec by ant pit
Peak stim at ovulation 
Stimulates corpus luteum development 
Thickend endometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is oestrogen primarily sec form

A

Ovaries
Adrenal cortex
Placenta when pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does oestrogen do

A

Thicken endometrium

Prod fertile cervical mucus

Mature ovarian follicles

Responsible for secondary sexual characteristics

Accelerate sodium and water reabs by kidney tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does a high or low level of oestrogen do

A

High - inhibits sec of FSH and prolactin stimulates LH

Low - after pregnancy, stimulates secretion of prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What sec progesterone

A

Corpus luteum and placenta when pregnant

17
Q

What does progesterone do

A

Inhibit LH sec

Thermogenin effect

Relaxes smooth muscle

Infertile mucus

Maintain thickness of endometrium

Maintain pregnancy

18
Q

What is the follicular phase in full

A

Follicular development stimulated –> follicle makes follicular fluid which has estrogen –> thicken endometrium –> increase of estrogen inhib FSH and increase LH –> LH stimulates ovulation and initiates development of corpus luteum

19
Q

What is the luteal phase in full

A

Follows ovulation –> ruptured follicle cavity is replaced by corpus luteum( sec or gesturing and estrogen) –> progesterone stim changes in endometrium for impnatation during early phase of pregnancy –> if fertilisation doesn’t happen curious luteum regress and prod progesterone and estrogen decreases

20
Q

What is the menstrual phase in full

A

Corpus luteum regresses
Progesterone and estrogen decreases
Endometrium degenerates and menstraujtion occurs
Drop of estrogen in blood and progesterone causes a stim production of FSH which starts cycle again

21
Q

What is the LH surge

A

Oocyte resumes meiosis
Secondary oocyte + polar body (degenerates)
Stops at metaphase II only co,pelted if fertilised
Cytoplasmic maturation
LH receptors stimulated to synthesise orgiesteorne
Collapsed follicle becomes corpus luteum

22
Q

What colour is lutein

A

Yellow/orange carotenoid pigment

23
Q

What is the route of sperm

A

Testes –> epididymis –> vas deferens –> ejaculatory duct –> urethra

24
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur and when

A

Within seminiferous tubules of testes
Germ cell mitosis re activated at puberty
Constant

25
Q

What hormones control the testes

A

LH –> acts on leydig cells - reg testosterone sec

FSH –> act of Sertoli cells to enhance spermatogenesis essential for spermatid remodelling

LH and FSH release stimulated by GnRH

26
Q

Where are the Sertoli cells and what do they secrete

A

In the seminiferous tubule

Sec androgen binding globulin and inhibin

27
Q

What are some adverse effects on human spermatogenesis

A 
Heat 
Alcohol
Smoking 
Chemo/radiotherapy 
Vasectomy
28
Q

What are the two major differences between oogenesis and spermatogenesis

A
  • oogenesis prod one ovum, spermatogenesis prod millions of sperm
  • once a month p, spermatogenesis constant
29
Q

What does a high level of FSH mean

A

Loss of ovarian function

Menopause

30
Q

What is the production of eggs and sperm

A

Eggs - oogenesis

Sperm - spermatogenesis

Physiology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions