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Physiology > Endocrine Control Of Fuel Utilisation > Flashcards

Endocrine Control Of Fuel Utilisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is regulated by the endocrine system

A

Energy expenditure and fuel supply

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2
Q

What is the resting energy expenditure

A

At rest and awake but not recently fed

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3
Q

What are the factors affecting metabolism

A 
Starvation 
Feeding 
Growth 
Disease
Pregnancy
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4
Q

How does starvation affect metabolism

A

Leads to reduced energy expenditure basal resting and total

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5
Q

How does feeding affect the metabolism

A

Elevates energy expenditure
Energy required for storage some abs and digestion
Protein > fat or CHO

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6
Q

How does growth affect the mat abolish

A

Increases total energy expenditure

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7
Q

How does disease affect the metabolism

A

Increases metab and energy expended

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8
Q

How does pregnancy aft the metabolism

A

Inc by 10% for Dev foetus

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9
Q

What happens after feeding

A

Increas in blood conc of glucose aa’s and fats

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10
Q

What does the body produce after eating

A

Response to prod insulin decrease glucagon

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11
Q

What is the meal is high in protein

A

Glucagon also increases

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12
Q

What is the goal in the fed state

A

Convert amino acids, hexoses and tags abs from gut into forms which can be stored

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13
Q

What is the goal of the hungry state

A

Mobilise stored reserves to produce metabolic fuels

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14
Q

What happens when there is long term starvation

A

Glucose obligates such as the brain switch to ketone body oxidation

Body also reduces basal metabolic rate

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15
Q 
Does
-insulin
-glucagon
- glucose
-FFA
- ketones
- alanine 
Increase or decrease after a 2 week starvation
A 
Unsulin- decrease 
Glucagon - increases
Glucose - decreases 
FFA - increases 
Ketones - increases 
Alanine - increases
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16
Q

What nervous stimulation releases noradrenalineand adrenaline

A

Sympathetic

17
Q

What does adrenaline do

A

Increasesfat mobilisation by activating hormone sensitive lipase

18
Q

Adrenaline also causes cortisol release which leads to

A

Stim of hepatic gluconeogensis

Inhib tissue glucose uptake

19
Q

Where are the adrenal Glands located

A

On top of each kidney

20
Q

Are energy requirements constant

A

No change all the t to sleep exercise illness starvation

21
Q

What is the strut ural layers of the adrenal glands

A

Connective tissue capsule
Cortex - zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
Medulla

22
Q 
What layers is 
Aldosterone 
Cortisol 
Sex hormones (androgens) 
Produced
A

Aldosterone - glomerulosa
Cortisol - fasciculata
Sex hormones - reticularis

23
Q

Where in the adrenal gland is adrenaline produced and stored

A

Produced in the medulla and soared in granules

24
Q

What kind of rhythm does cortisol show

A

Diurnal

25
Q

What is the effect of cortisol

A

Increase pool of carbohydrates, amino acids, fats would be available for use as needed in stressful situations

26
Q

What are the different types of stress

A 
Physical 
Chemical
Physiological 
Psychological
Social
27
Q

What does adrenaline do

A
  • stimulates gluconeogensis and glycogenolysis - raises blood glucose
  • activates hormone sensitive lipase to promote fatty acid release
  • increases cardiac muscle contractility
  • Heart rate rises
  • coronary and skeletal muscle arterioles dilate
  • arousal of higher centres
28
Q

What do glucocorticoids do

A

Raise blood glucose at expense of protein
Fat lipolysis
Not important for rapid mobilisation of fuel
Important for cardiac and skeletal fiction
Anti inflammatory

29
Q

During stress if there is a lack of cortisol what does that lead to

A

Circulatory shock due to lack of adrenaline effect on circulation

30
Q

What are the effects of an adrenalectomy

A 
Loss of ability to respond to stress 
Loss steroid hormones 
Circulatory collapse heartbeat less effective decrease in peripheral resistance 
Skeletal muscle fatigue 
Increase in apathy - lethargy
31
Q

What is Addison’s disease

A

Cortisol deficiency due to low acth or damage to adrenal cortex
Characterised by
- hypoglycaemia
- poor response to stress

Deficiency also in aldosterone primary

Secondary adrenal cortical def

32
Q

What is crushing disease

A 
Glucocorticoid disease excess
Increased acth 
Hyperglycaemia 
Elevated blood pressure
Obesity 
Wasting skeletal muscle 
Mood swings 
Poor wound healing

Physiology (28 decks)

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