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Physiology > Renal Filtration And Blood Flow > Flashcards

Renal Filtration And Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

Is glomerular filtration active or passive

A

Passive

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2
Q

What does glomerular cap bp do to net filtration pressure

A

Favours filtration

As blood flows along cap remais constant all way

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3
Q

What does bowmas capsule hydrostatic pressure do

A

Result filtration have fluid which press against glomerular mem acting in opposite direction so opposing filtration

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4
Q

What is capillary oncotic pressure

A

Plasma protein associated
Pressure opposes filtration in cap have lots of plasma proteins these shouldn’t be filtered into capsule
Proteins in blood as cannot pass mem

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5
Q

What is bowmans capsule oncotic pressure

A

No plasma proteins in lumen so should be zero

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6
Q

What are starling forces

A

Balance of hydrostatic pressures and osmotic pressures

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7
Q

What is GFR

A

Rate at which protein free plasma is filtered form the glomeruli into the bowmans capsule per unit time

GFR -= kf (Filtration coeffiencient -how hokey glomerular mem is) x net filtration pressure

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8
Q

What is the normal GFR

A

125ml/min

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9
Q

What is the ,a jot determinat of GFR

A

Glomerular capillary fluid blood pressure

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10
Q

What is the extrinsic regulation of GFR

A

Symp control via baroreceptors reflex

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11
Q

What so the intrinsic auto regulation of GFR

A

Myogenic mechanism

Tubuloglomerular feedback mech

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12
Q

What happens to the GFR when the arterial bp increases

A

Increase arterial bp
Increase glomerular cap pressure
Increase net filtration
Increase GFR

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13
Q

What happens if there is a severe haemorrhage what happens to the GFR

A 
Fall in blood vol 
Dec arterial bp
Detected by artic and carotid sinus baroreceptors 
Increase symp activity 
Vasoconstriction 
Decrease afferent arterioles
Decrease GFR 
Decrease urine vol compensate for loss
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14
Q

What is myogenic auto regulation

A

If vascular smooth muscle is stretched (arterial blood pressure increases) it contracts thus constricting arteriole

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15
Q

What is the Tubuloglomerular feedback autoregulation

A

Involves juxtaglomerular apparatus

If GFR rises more Nacl flows through tubule leading to constriction of afferent arterioles

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16
Q

What cells sense the sodium chloride content of tubular fluid

A

Macula densi of juxtaglomerular apparatus

17
Q

What would happen if there is a kidney stone

A

Increase in bowmans capsule fluid pressure
Build up of fluid
Decreases GFR

18
Q

What happens when an individual has diarrhoea

A

Increase in capillary oncotic pressure
Become dehydrated as lose fluid and not plamsa proteins
Decreases GFR

19
Q

What happens if an individual is severely burned

A

Decrease in capillary oncotic pressure
Lose plasma proteins at site of injury
Increase GFR

20
Q

What happens if there is a decrease in kf

A

Change of surface area for filtration

Decreases GFR

21
Q

What is the plasma clearance a measure of

A

How effectively the kidneys clean the blood
Volume of plasma completely cleared of a particular substance per minute
Each sub has its specific clearance

22
Q

How do u work put the clearance

A

Clearance of sub x = rate of excretion/roads a conc of x

Clearance of x = urine concentration of x (X) Vu / plasma concentration of x

Ml/min

23
Q

What is a substance used for calculating clearance

A

Inulin

24
Q

Why is inulin used for clearance

A

Freely filtered not abs nor sec
Not metab
Not toxic
Easily eausred in urine and blood

25
Q

What can be sued for clearance and find GFR

A

Inulin or creatinine

26
Q

When clearance=0

A

Substances completely reabs and not sec such as glucose

27
Q

When clearance

A

For substances which are filtered partly reabs and not sec such as urea

28
Q

When cleanrce > GFR

A

Subs which filtered sec but not reabs such as hydrogen ions

29
Q

How to calculate renal plasma flow with para amino hippuric acid

A

Para amino hippuric acid is an exogenous organic anion not produced naturally by the body

Used clinically to measure renal plasma flow

PAH is freely filtered at glomerulus and sec into tubule completely cleared from plasma

30
Q

What are the properties needed for a clearance marker

A

Non toxic
Inert not metab
Easy to measure

31
Q

What is needed from a GFR marker and what is needed from a RPF marker

A

GFR - should be filtered freely not sec or abs

RPF - should be filtered and completely sec

32
Q

What is the filtration fraction

A

Fraction of plasma flowing through the glomeruli that is filtered into tubules

33
Q

How do you work out the filtration fraction

A

Filtration fraction = GFR/ renal plasma flow

34
Q

What are the filtration barriers of glomerular filtration

A

Glomerular capillary endothelium
Basement membrane acellular
Slit processes of podocytes Interdigitate with adjacent cells

Physiology (28 decks)

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