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2 > Renal physiology > Flashcards

Renal physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what two factors are needed to calculate osmolality

A

molar concentration of the solution

number of osmotically active particles present

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2
Q

What is the osmolality of body fluids

A

300

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3
Q

TBW of males and females

A

males 60%

females 50%

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4
Q

TBW = ICF and ECF - concentrations?

A

ICF 67%
ECF 33%
separated by plasma membrane

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5
Q

ECF compartments

A

plasma 20%

interstitial fluid 80%

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6
Q

What tracers are used for
TBW
ECF
plasma

A

3h2o
inulin
labelled albumin

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7
Q

NaCl high concentration in ECF or ICF

K concentration higher in ECF or ICF

A

ECF

ICF

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8
Q

What charge does the glomerular membrane have

A

negative

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9
Q

what are the three filtration barriers

A

glomerular capillary epithelium - endothelium with large pores - barrier to RBCs
glomerular BM
foot processes of podocytes

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10
Q

extrinsic regulation of GFR is controlled by what

A

sympathetic control via baroreceptor reflex

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11
Q

increase ABP leads to what

A

vasodilatation of afferent arterioles - increase in BP gc and an increase GFR

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12
Q

what is Kf and what effect does this have on the GFR

A

surface area available for filtration

a decrease leads to a decrease in GFR

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13
Q

net filtration pressure

A

10mmHg

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14
Q

Why is inulin not used for measuring GFR

A

endogenous - has to be infused

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15
Q

Normal RPF

A

650

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16
Q

what is used to measure RPF

A

PAH- para amino hippuric acid

17
Q

what is the transport max for glucose

A

2mmol/min

18
Q

how much of water and salt is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule

A

approx 67%

19
Q

Vasa recta when dipping down what happens to the osmolality

wen returning what happens

A

increase in osmolality due to loss of water and gain of NaCl

decrease in osmolality due to gain of water and loss of NaCl

20
Q

What is the receptor that binds to ADH called

A

type 2 vasopressin receptor

21
Q

where is ANP released from and how

A

Atrial natriuretic hormone/peptide

stored in atrial heart cells - increase in plasma volume causes atrial cells to be stretched and for ANP to be released

22
Q

what does ANP lead to

A

decrease in BV

increased excretion of Na and diuresis leading to a decrease in plasma volume

23
Q

what is the difference between water diuresis and osmotic diuresis

A

water - increase in urine volume but no increase in salt excretion
osmotic - increase in urine volume due to an increase in salt excretion

24
Q

what is an octeopeptide that is synthesised by nerve cells

A

ADH

25
Q

how long is the plasma half life of ADH

A

10-15 minutes

26
Q

dm of which arteriole is more than the other

A

afferent > efferent

2 (25 decks)

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