Child health Flashcards
what does Hib protect against
meningitis, epiglottis, septicaemia
what might no social smile by 8 weeks mean? asymmetry loss of skills reaching for objects by 6 months give another 2 red flags
autism, visual impairment CP, neurological disorder DMD - lose ability to walk motor problems, vision unable to walk by 18 months unable to speak by 18 months
what is global delay and what could it mean isolated delay motor delay causes Deviation Regression
thingy in 2+ areas. downs muscular dystrophy, CP DMD, CP, co ordination disorders autism Retts syndrome, metabolic disorders
list some primitive reflexes (5) and describe them
suckling and rooting
palmer and plantar grasp
asym tonic head reflex - can persist in CP should be gone by 4-5 months
moro reflex - fling arms out if falling. gone by 3/4 months
parachute reflex - develops at 5-7 months
Triad for autism and 2 others
communication, social interaction and flexibility of thoughts/imagination
restrictive/repetitive behaviour and sensory difficulties
3 reasons for short stature
dysmorphic syndrome - Downs, Turners, fragile X
Endocrine - hypothyroidism
Chronic dx- asthma, coeliac, IBD
overweight centile
obese centile
normal centile
91st
98th
50th
Endocrine causes of obesity
Inherited causes of obesity
hypothyroidism, GH defic, hypo pit, hypo gonad, excess corticosteroid, craniopharyngioma
Downs, DMD, pradar willi syndrome, fragile X
Diphtheria symptoms
caused by
URTI, low grade fever, sore throat
white adherent membrane on tonsils, pharynx and nasal cavity
corynebacterium diphtheria
Constipation treatment
red flag
laxatives, attention to diet, advice on toilet behaviour
if baby hasn’t passed meconium in first 24 hours
Malrotation or volvulus symp and signs
bile green vomit constipation poor growth anorexia pain irritability
Bronchiolitis when syx cause rx
2-6 months
breathing difficulties, cough, poor feeding, irritability, wheeze/crepitations on auscultation, fever
RSV
supportive
Epiglottis who
cause
syx
vaccination
2-5 yr olds
streptococcus, SA, hib, pseudomonas
sore throat, odynophagia, drooling, muffled voice, fever
decreased since Hib vaccination
Croup. who
cause
syx
rx
6 months - 3 year olds
parainfluenza virus
viral URTI -> barking cough and hoarseness
steroids
laryngomalacia is what
cause
presentation
treatment
floppy larynx which collapses during breathing
congenital
first few weeks of life. noisy breathing and inspiratory stridor
no intervention if otherwise well. intervene if croup
Meningitis symptoms
ix
treatment
rash
fever, headaches, stiff neck, altered mental state, leg pain, cold peripheries, skin changes
lumbar puncture if no evidence of raised ICP, FBC, coat, BG, ABGS
supportive. IV ceftriaxone (benxylpenicillamine if in community) steroids
purpuric and non blanching
give 4 causes of GI obstruction in children
pyloric stenosis
volvulus
intussusception
malrotation
Pyloric stenosis
cause
when
presentation
congenital
2-8 weeks
milky vom after feeding. can be projectile. persistent hunger, lethargy, weight loss, dehydration, infrequent or absent bowel movements
Rotavirus
when
syx
4-24 months
watery diahroa and vom
intusseseption when
syx
rx
6 months
green vomit, firm abode mass, recurrent jelly stools
air reduction
physiological fibrosis of penis or peyronies disease is what
treatment
hardening of the skin of the penis
it is normal tho
steroid cream nd dab away pee
hyposphadius is what and treatment
congenital abnormality
urethra isn’t located at head of penis but further up
surgery
bloody diahrroa causes
E.Coli 0157, camp
projectile vom bile stained vom blood in stool chronic diarrhoea bulging fontanella rapidly increased head circumference, persistent morning headache and morning vom
pyloric stenosis intestinal obstruction gastroentersis cow milk allergy increased ICP - meningitis increased ICP - brain tumour
5-10% dehydration signs (5)
mildly dry mucous membrane slightly reduced skin turgor mildly reduced UO normal conscious level no shock
> 10% dehydration signs (6)
very dry mucous membrane sunken fontanelle decreased skin tutor decreased UO altered conscious level shocked - cold hands/feet, increased CAP refill
Peadriatic sepsis 6
high flow o2
IV access and bloods - FBC, lactate, blood cultures, glucose
IV/IO broad apes ABs
fluids - 20ml/kg over 5-10 mins
inotropic support considered - adrenaline
help
chromosome 13
patau