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Child health Flashcards

1
Q

what does Hib protect against

A

meningitis, epiglottis, septicaemia

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2
Q 
what might no social smile by 8 weeks mean?
asymmetry
loss of skills
reaching for objects by 6 months
give another 2 red flags
A 
autism, visual impairment
CP, neurological disorder
DMD - lose ability to walk
motor problems, vision
unable to walk by 18 months 
unable to speak by 18 months
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3
Q 
what is global delay and what could it mean
isolated delay
motor delay causes
Deviation 
Regression
A 
thingy in 2+ areas. downs
muscular dystrophy, CP
DMD, CP, co ordination disorders
autism
Retts syndrome, metabolic disorders
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4
Q

list some primitive reflexes (5) and describe them

A

suckling and rooting
palmer and plantar grasp
asym tonic head reflex - can persist in CP should be gone by 4-5 months
moro reflex - fling arms out if falling. gone by 3/4 months
parachute reflex - develops at 5-7 months

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5
Q

Triad for autism and 2 others

A

communication, social interaction and flexibility of thoughts/imagination
restrictive/repetitive behaviour and sensory difficulties

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6
Q

3 reasons for short stature

A

dysmorphic syndrome - Downs, Turners, fragile X
Endocrine - hypothyroidism
Chronic dx- asthma, coeliac, IBD

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7
Q

overweight centile
obese centile
normal centile

A

91st
98th
50th

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8
Q

Endocrine causes of obesity

Inherited causes of obesity

A

hypothyroidism, GH defic, hypo pit, hypo gonad, excess corticosteroid, craniopharyngioma

Downs, DMD, pradar willi syndrome, fragile X

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9
Q

Diphtheria symptoms

caused by

A

URTI, low grade fever, sore throat
white adherent membrane on tonsils, pharynx and nasal cavity

corynebacterium diphtheria

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10
Q

Constipation treatment

red flag

A

laxatives, attention to diet, advice on toilet behaviour

if baby hasn’t passed meconium in first 24 hours

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11
Q

Malrotation or volvulus symp and signs

A 
bile green vomit
constipation 
poor growth
anorexia
pain
irritability
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12
Q 
Bronchiolitis 
when 
syx
cause
rx
A

2-6 months
breathing difficulties, cough, poor feeding, irritability, wheeze/crepitations on auscultation, fever
RSV
supportive

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13
Q

Epiglottis who
cause
syx
vaccination

A

2-5 yr olds
streptococcus, SA, hib, pseudomonas
sore throat, odynophagia, drooling, muffled voice, fever
decreased since Hib vaccination

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14
Q

Croup. who
cause
syx
rx

A

6 months - 3 year olds
parainfluenza virus
viral URTI -> barking cough and hoarseness
steroids

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15
Q

laryngomalacia is what
cause
presentation
treatment

A

floppy larynx which collapses during breathing
congenital
first few weeks of life. noisy breathing and inspiratory stridor
no intervention if otherwise well. intervene if croup

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16
Q

Meningitis symptoms
ix
treatment
rash

A

fever, headaches, stiff neck, altered mental state, leg pain, cold peripheries, skin changes
lumbar puncture if no evidence of raised ICP, FBC, coat, BG, ABGS
supportive. IV ceftriaxone (benxylpenicillamine if in community) steroids
purpuric and non blanching

17
Q

give 4 causes of GI obstruction in children

A

pyloric stenosis
volvulus
intussusception
malrotation

18
Q

Pyloric stenosis
cause
when
presentation

A

congenital
2-8 weeks
milky vom after feeding. can be projectile. persistent hunger, lethargy, weight loss, dehydration, infrequent or absent bowel movements

19
Q

Rotavirus
when
syx

A

4-24 months

watery diahroa and vom

20
Q

intusseseption when
syx
rx

A

6 months
green vomit, firm abode mass, recurrent jelly stools
air reduction

21
Q

physiological fibrosis of penis or peyronies disease is what

treatment

A

hardening of the skin of the penis
it is normal tho
steroid cream nd dab away pee

22
Q

hyposphadius is what and treatment

A

congenital abnormality
urethra isn’t located at head of penis but further up
surgery

23
Q

bloody diahrroa causes

A

E.Coli 0157, camp

24
Q 
projectile vom
bile stained vom
blood in stool
chronic diarrhoea 
bulging fontanella 
rapidly increased head circumference, persistent morning headache and morning vom
A 
pyloric stenosis 
intestinal obstruction 
gastroentersis 
cow milk allergy
increased ICP - meningitis 
increased ICP - brain tumour
25
Q

5-10% dehydration signs (5)

A 
mildly dry mucous membrane 
slightly reduced skin turgor 
mildly reduced UO
normal conscious level 
no shock
26
Q

> 10% dehydration signs (6)

A 
very dry mucous membrane 
sunken fontanelle 
decreased skin tutor
decreased UO
altered conscious level 
shocked - cold hands/feet, increased CAP refill
27
Q

Peadriatic sepsis 6

A

high flow o2
IV access and bloods - FBC, lactate, blood cultures, glucose
IV/IO broad apes ABs
fluids - 20ml/kg over 5-10 mins
inotropic support considered - adrenaline
help

28
Q

chromosome 13

A

patau

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