Renal

Question 1

asc. w/ abruptio placenta

Answer 1

preeclampsia
trauma
cocaine

Question 2

Cervical insufficiency

Answer 2

cervical dilation –> 2nd trimester loss

risks: cervical trauma/ surgery

Question 3

Most common cause of arrest of labor 1st stage

Answer 3

fetal macrosomia

asc w/ gestational dm

Question 4

Most common renal neoplasam

Answer 4

RCC

50-80 yo

Question 5

Posterior urethral valve

Answer 5

• boys
• bilateral obstructive uropathy
• frequent UTI/ renal failure

Question 6

Most common renal cancer in kids

Answer 6

wilms tumor
2-5 yo
single kidney
usually asymptomatic

–>need chest and ab CT to r/o mets

Question 7

gold std for ddx of kidney stone

Answer 7

noncontrast ct

Question 8

Baby urine sample

Answer 8

obtain by straight cath to eval UTI

Question 9

Aminoglycoside in prego

Answer 9

tetrogenic ototoxicity

Question 10

Aminoglycocides

Answer 10

end in micin

gentamicin
neomicin
amikacin

also tobomycin/ streptomycin

warning lots of drugs end in micin

Question 11

Aminoglycoside adr

Answer 11

nephrotoxic (atn)

ototoxic

Question 12

Azithromycin moa

Answer 12

macrolide

Question 13

Bladder cancer screening

Answer 13

not recommended

Question 14

What physiology increases the anion ion gap

Answer 14

increased presence of abnormal non-cl acids in serum

Question 15

Needle shaped crystals in UA

Answer 15

uric acid stones

Question 16

Risks in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 16

• hyperlipidemia (atherosclerosis)
• Thrombus (loss of antithrombin 3)
• -> Both ↑ risk of MI/CVA

Question 17

Muddy brown casts

Answer 17

ATN

Question 18

RBC cast

Answer 18

glomerulonephritis

Question 19

WBC casts

Answer 19

pylo

interstitial nephritis

Question 20

Fatty casts

Answer 20

nephritic

Question 21

Broad and waxy casts

Answer 21

CKD

Question 22

FSGS is most common in who

Answer 22

• Most common in general
• but also:
• -african american
• -obesity
• -heroin
• -HIV

Question 23

When to use winter’s formula

Answer 23

metabolic acidosis

Question 24

nephrotic syndrome in Hepatitis

Answer 24

membranoproliferative

Question 25

nephrotic syndrome in HIV

Answer 25

FSGS

Question 26

Minimal change disease in adults is probably from?

Answer 26

NSAIDs, lymphoma

Question 27

1st renal change in t2dm

Answer 27

hyperfiltration

Question 28

specific renal biopsy finding for diabetic nephropathy

Answer 28

nodular sclerosis | first change is GBM thickening

Question 29

Most common cause of death during dialysis

Answer 29

Cardiovascular disease

Question 30

rx for renal xplant rejection

Answer 30

IV steroids yesterday

Question 31

Amiloride moa

Answer 31

k sparing diuretic

Question 32

acid base status in aspirin od

Answer 32

- resp alk - -mixed with - anion gap met acid

Question 33

most common cause of post renal obstruction

Answer 33

BPH therefor male >>> female

Question 34

What suppresses ADH

Answer 34

pituitary regulated | ↓ blood osm --> ADH suppression

Question 35

Most common kidney stone

Answer 35

calcium oxalate

Question 36

Hepatorenal syndrome

Answer 36

↓ GFR from ↓ renal perfusion in setting of liver disease and splanchnic arterial dilation

Question 37

Normal calcium level

Answer 37

8.4-10.2

Question 38

Which diuretic would help in calcium kidney stones

Answer 38

thiazides

Question 39

What would help prevent uric acid kidney stones

Answer 39

potassium citrate (alkalizes urine, makes stone soluable) causes of stone: dehydration, ↑ cell turn over

Question 40

Cysteine stones

Answer 40

inborn metabolism error | runs in families