Female Flashcards
What general principle increases breast cancer risk
life long estrogen exposure
↑ estrogen –> ↑ breast ca risk
ex: obesity, nulliparity, HRT
Race with highest BC risk
white
Menarche and breast cancer
menarche after age 13 is protective
Tolterodine
anticholinergic
rx for urge incontinence, overactive bladder
Phyllodes tumor
rare
unilateral, smooth, painless breast mass
Breast side effect of OCP
breast tenderness
typically subsides after a few months
Breast ca w/ bloody nipple discharge
intraductal papilloma
Fibroadenoma
single, unilateral, mobile breast mass
can very w/ menses
Fibrocystic changes
diffusely nodular, bilateral, tender
flucuates with menses
rx: NSAIDs or OCPs
Fibrocystic change vs fibroadenoma
Both cycle w/ meses and have mass/es
fibrocystic= multiple adenoma= singular
rhabdomyosarcoma
rare
nodules resemble grapes protruding from vagina
tamoxifen/ raloxifen side effects
hot flash
venous thromboembolism
tamoxifen only: endometrial carcinoma / polyps
Factors asc. w/ ovarian cancer
infertility, family hx of brca, nulliparity
Mammogram before age ___ is pretty much useless
30
Under 30 with persistent mass
ultrasound
Endometrial biopsy before age 45
Abnormal uterine bleeding plus:
obesity, chronic anovulation, lynch syndrome
lichen sclerosis
prutitic, white atrophic plaque of the vulva
requires punch biopsy to exclude SCC
lichen sclerosis rx
topical steroids
OCPs and benign breast disease
OCPs decrease the risk, esp of fibroadenoma and fibrocystic changes
OCPs and cancer reduction
↓ risk of endometrial and ovarian
OCPs and BP
OCPs can ↑ BP
Chancroid is caused by?
H ducreyi
multiple deep painfull ulcers,
Granuloma inguiale
klebsiella genital infection
ulcerated lesions (no lad)
granulated base
Infertility over the age of 35
inability to conceive in 6 months
What does hCG do?
maintain corpus luteum (to make progesterone)
promote male sexual differentiation
stimulates thyroid
What does progesterone do in early prego?
prep and maintain endometrium for implantation
Hormone responsible for induction of prolactin production in prego
estrogen
What makes hCG
syncytiotrophoblasts
Risk factors for endometrial adenocarcinoma
obesity PCOS/ anovulation nulliparity early menarche/ late menopause tamoxifen
oxybutynin
anti-muscarinic
rx for urge incontinence
bethanechol
cholinergic
rx for over flow incontinence in T2DM
Rx for lactation mastitis
dicloxacillin
Bartholin cysts
soft mobile well-circumscribed mass at base of labia majora
rx: observation if no s/s
InD if s/s
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina/ cervix
related to in utero diethylstilbestrol
