Renaissance KT (1-45) Flashcards
His bronze “David” was the first known life-size human nude created since antiquity
Donatello
Epicenter of the “High Renaissance”
Rome
The social class of the masses (non-clerical, non-noble)
Third Estate
Famous female ruler of the independent city state of Mantua
Isabella d’Este
Considered by many to be the greatest painter of the Renaissance and artist of the well-known fresco “The School of Athens”
Raphael
His “History of Italy” promoted a secular histiography
Francesco Guicciardini
A commercial and military alliance of north German costal towns, which dominated trade in the North and Baltic seas
Hansa/Hanseatic League
Author of the influential “The Prince” who defended what might be called political realism today
Niccolò Machiavelli
“The _____ justifies the means”
“Ends” -Machiavelli in “The Prince”
“It is better to be feared than loved, but never _____”
“Hated” -Machiavelli in “The Prince”
Flemish painter who perfected the use of oil paints as seen in his “The Arnolfini Wedding”
Jan van Eyck
Method of learning associated with the medieval period and decried by humanists since it primarily used secondary sources and valued the mastery of “authoritative” viewpoints
Scholasticism
Literally “to the sources”’ the motto of Renaissance humanists given their interest in the literary sources of the classical world
Ad fontes
The contention that every view is only one among many possible interpretations; an idea associated with the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and which raises problems associated with the quest for objectivity in historical accounts
Perspectivism/subjectivity
The everyday language of the people (as opposed to the “universal” language of Latin)
Vernacular
Thought to be the “father of Italian Renaissance humanism”; coined the phrase “Dark Ages”
Petrarch
The archetype of the “Renaissance man”, visionary, and artist of the “Mona Lisa” and the “Last Supper”
Leonardo DaVinci
Perhaps an “informed interpretation of the past”
History
The categorization (or “chunking”) of time by historians into discrete periods or eras so as to more meaningfully speak about the past
Periodization
He is credited in the West with developing the movable metal type
Johannes Gutenberg
Author of the influential “Oration on the Dignity of Man”, which extolled the unlimited potential of human beings
Govanni Picodella Mirandola
Those studies which are worthy of the free; included such disciplines as history, moral philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, geometry, music, and physical education
Liberal Arts/Liberal Studies (Humanities)
The apex of the Renaissance, from 1480-1520, centered in Rome around the work of Leonardo, Raphael, and Michelangelo
High Renaissance
The social class of the nobility
The Second Estate
A guiding idea of European foreign policy that promoted a distribution of power among several nations and states
Balance of power
“Fresh” painting done on wet plaster
Fresco
The end of the Byzantine Empire occurred in 1453 with the fall of this capital city to the Ottoman Turks
Constantinople
His genius was so renowned in his lifetime that contemporaries often referred to him simply as “Il Divino”
Michelangelo
The architect of the “Duomo”
Filippo Brunelleschi
Architect of the “Tempietto”, a classic of the Renaissance style
Donato Bramante
The emergence of this political class of advisors demonstrate an emerging secularism and nationalism in politics during the Italian Renaissance
Ambassadors
Celebrated historian who coined the term “calamitous century” to describe the 14th century, which underwent the Black Death, 100 Years War, and the Babylonian Captivity of the Roman Catholic Church
Barbara Tuchman
The birthplace of the Renaissance
Florence
“Il Magnifico”; the leading Medici patron of the arts and “de facto” ruler of Florence
Lorenzo the Magnificent
French historian first to designate the Renaissance a a distinct period in European history
Jules Michelet
The social class of the high clergy
First Estate
C.E.
Common Era
Author of the influential “The Book of the Courtier”, a handbook for aristocrats of the “well-developed personality”
Baldassare Castiglione
Name given by historians to the 15th century monarchical governments that tried to reestablish their central power
New Monarchs
Specialized term for “Christian Europe” or “Christ’s Kingdom”
Chrisendom
The English followers of John Wycliffe
Lollards (“mutterers”)
What Renaissance humanists derisively called the period that preceded their age
Dark Ages
A.D.
anno Domini (“in the year of the Lord”)
Ca.
Circa
This papal bull ended the conciliar movement
Execrabilis
