Renaissance KT (1-45)

Question 1

His bronze “David” was the first known life-size human nude created since antiquity

Answer 1

Donatello

Question 2

Epicenter of the “High Renaissance”

Answer 2

Rome

Question 3

The social class of the masses (non-clerical, non-noble)

Answer 3

Third Estate

Question 4

Famous female ruler of the independent city state of Mantua

Answer 4

Isabella d’Este

Question 5

Considered by many to be the greatest painter of the Renaissance and artist of the well-known fresco “The School of Athens”

Answer 5

Raphael

Question 6

His “History of Italy” promoted a secular histiography

Answer 6

Francesco Guicciardini

Question 7

A commercial and military alliance of north German costal towns, which dominated trade in the North and Baltic seas

Answer 7

Hansa/Hanseatic League

Question 8

Author of the influential “The Prince” who defended what might be called political realism today

Answer 8

Niccolò Machiavelli

Question 9

“The _____ justifies the means”

Answer 9

“Ends” -Machiavelli in “The Prince”

Question 10

“It is better to be feared than loved, but never _____”

Answer 10

“Hated” -Machiavelli in “The Prince”

Question 11

Flemish painter who perfected the use of oil paints as seen in his “The Arnolfini Wedding”

Answer 11

Jan van Eyck

Question 12

Method of learning associated with the medieval period and decried by humanists since it primarily used secondary sources and valued the mastery of “authoritative” viewpoints

Answer 12

Scholasticism

Question 13

Literally “to the sources”’ the motto of Renaissance humanists given their interest in the literary sources of the classical world

Answer 13

Ad fontes

Question 14

The contention that every view is only one among many possible interpretations; an idea associated with the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and which raises problems associated with the quest for objectivity in historical accounts

Answer 14

Perspectivism/subjectivity

Question 15

The everyday language of the people (as opposed to the “universal” language of Latin)

Answer 15

Vernacular

Question 16

Thought to be the “father of Italian Renaissance humanism”; coined the phrase “Dark Ages”

Answer 16

Petrarch

Question 17

The archetype of the “Renaissance man”, visionary, and artist of the “Mona Lisa” and the “Last Supper”

Answer 17

Leonardo DaVinci

Question 18

Perhaps an “informed interpretation of the past”

Answer 18

History

Question 19

The categorization (or “chunking”) of time by historians into discrete periods or eras so as to more meaningfully speak about the past

Answer 19

Periodization

Question 20

He is credited in the West with developing the movable metal type

Answer 20

Johannes Gutenberg

Question 21

Author of the influential “Oration on the Dignity of Man”, which extolled the unlimited potential of human beings

Answer 21

Govanni Picodella Mirandola

Question 22

Those studies which are worthy of the free; included such disciplines as history, moral philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, geometry, music, and physical education

Answer 22

Liberal Arts/Liberal Studies (Humanities)

Question 23

The apex of the Renaissance, from 1480-1520, centered in Rome around the work of Leonardo, Raphael, and Michelangelo

Answer 23

High Renaissance

Question 24

The social class of the nobility

Answer 24

The Second Estate

Question 25

A guiding idea of European foreign policy that promoted a distribution of power among several nations and states

Answer 25

Balance of power

Question 26

“Fresh” painting done on wet plaster

Answer 26

Fresco

Question 27

The end of the Byzantine Empire occurred in 1453 with the fall of this capital city to the Ottoman Turks

Answer 27

Constantinople

Question 28

His genius was so renowned in his lifetime that contemporaries often referred to him simply as “Il Divino”

Answer 28

Michelangelo

Question 29

The architect of the “Duomo”

Answer 29

Filippo Brunelleschi

Question 30

Architect of the “Tempietto”, a classic of the Renaissance style

Answer 30

Donato Bramante

Question 31

The emergence of this political class of advisors demonstrate an emerging secularism and nationalism in politics during the Italian Renaissance

Answer 31

Ambassadors

Question 32

Celebrated historian who coined the term “calamitous century” to describe the 14th century, which underwent the Black Death, 100 Years War, and the Babylonian Captivity of the Roman Catholic Church

Answer 32

Barbara Tuchman

Question 33

The birthplace of the Renaissance

Answer 33

Florence

Question 34

“Il Magnifico”; the leading Medici patron of the arts and “de facto” ruler of Florence

Answer 34

Lorenzo the Magnificent

Question 35

French historian first to designate the Renaissance a a distinct period in European history

Answer 35

Jules Michelet

Question 36

The social class of the high clergy

Answer 36

First Estate

Question 37

C.E.

Answer 37

Common Era

Question 38

Author of the influential “The Book of the Courtier”, a handbook for aristocrats of the “well-developed personality”

Answer 38

Baldassare Castiglione

Question 39

Name given by historians to the 15th century monarchical governments that tried to reestablish their central power

Answer 39

New Monarchs

Question 40

Specialized term for “Christian Europe” or “Christ’s Kingdom”

Answer 40

Chrisendom

Question 41

The English followers of John Wycliffe

Answer 41

Lollards (“mutterers”)

Question 42

What Renaissance humanists derisively called the period that preceded their age

Answer 42

Dark Ages

Question 43

A.D.

Answer 43

anno Domini (“in the year of the Lord”)

Question 44

Ca.

Answer 44

Circa

Question 45

This papal bull ended the conciliar movement

Answer 45

Execrabilis