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AP European History > Enlightenment People > Flashcards

Enlightenment People Flashcards

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1
Q

Essay Concerning Human Understanding

A

John Locke

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2
Q

Tabula rasa

A

John Locke

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3
Q

Reception history

A

John Locke

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4
Q

Empiricism (learning occurs via experience)

A

John Locke

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5
Q

Plurality of Worlds

A

Bernarnd de Fontanelle

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6
Q

Downplays religious background of scientific thinkers when popularizing science

A

Bernarnd de Fontanelle

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7
Q

Translation of and commentary on Principia

A

Emilie du Chatelet

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8
Q

Travels

A

James Cook

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9
Q

Discovered Tahiti, Australia, New Zealand

A

James Cook

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10
Q

Huguenot and skeptic

A

Pierre Bayle

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11
Q

Fideist

A

Pierre Bayle

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12
Q

Textual criticism

A

Pierre Bayle

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13
Q

Historical and Critical Dictionary

A

Pierre Bayle

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14
Q

“Bible of the 18th century”

A

Pierre Bayle

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15
Q

“Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity”

A

Immanuel Kant

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16
Q

“Sapere aude”

A

Immanuel Kant

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17
Q

“Dare to know”

A

Immanuel Kant

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18
Q

Persian Letters

A

Montesquieu

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19
Q

The Spirit of the Laws

A

Montesquieu

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20
Q

Scientific attempt to examine government

A

Montesquieu

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21
Q

Examines republic, monarchy, despotism

A

Montesquieu

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22
Q

Checks and balances

A

Montesquieu

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23
Q

Separation of power

A

Montesquieu

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24
Q

Influential for American founding fathers

A

Montesquieu

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25
Q

Most well-known and influential of the philosophes

A

Voltaire

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26
Q

Philosophic Letters on the English

A

Voltaire

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27
Q

Champion of 1st Amendment freedoms

A

Voltaire

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28
Q

Calas Affair

A

Voltaire

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29
Q

Treatise on Toleration

A

Voltaire

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30
Q

“Ecrasez l’infame”

A

Voltaire

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31
Q

Candide

A

Voltaire

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32
Q

Targets Leibniz

A

Voltaire

33
Q

Encyclopedie

A

Denis Diderot and Jean d’Alembert

34
Q

Treatise of Human Nature

A

David Hume

35
Q

Science of man

A

David Hume

36
Q

Social sciences

A

David Hume

37
Q

System of Nature

A

Baron Paul d’Holbach

38
Q

Advocated strict doctrine of atheism and materialism

A

Baron Paul d’Holbach

39
Q

The Progress of the Human Mind

A

Marquis Marie-Jean Condorcet

40
Q

“Perfectibility of society”

A

Marquis Marie-Jean Condorcet

41
Q

On Crimes and Punishments

A

Cesare Beccaria

42
Q

Humane treatment of prisoners

A

Cesare Beccaria

43
Q

Torture and public executions are barbaric

A

Cesare Beccaria

44
Q

Punishment should serve only as a deterrant

A

Cesare Beccaria

45
Q

Prisoners should be rehabilitated via isolation in cells, work, and discipline

A

Cesare Beccaria

46
Q

Discourse on the Inequality of Manking

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

47
Q

Private property is the origin of inequality

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

48
Q

Government is a social contract and a necessary evil

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

49
Q

State of nature and “noble savage”

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

50
Q

The Social Contract

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

51
Q

“Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

52
Q

Participatory/direct democracy

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

53
Q

General will

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

54
Q

Emile

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

55
Q

Education should also occur in nature until the point where one can reason abstractly

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

56
Q

Origins of Romanticism

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

57
Q

Tableau Economique

A

Francois Quesnay

58
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Francois Quesnay

59
Q

Extractive value of land

A

Francois Quesnay

60
Q

Wealth of Nations

A

Adam Smith

61
Q

In a free economy, natural laws of economics can operate

A

Adam Smith

62
Q

In a mercantile economy, natural laws of economics cannot operate

A

Adam Smith

63
Q

Natural law of self interest

A

Adam Smith

64
Q

“Invisible hand”

A

Adam Smith

65
Q

Natural law of competition

A

Adam Smith

66
Q

Competition results in economic progress by encouraging efficiency and innovation

A

Adam Smith

67
Q

Natural law of supply and demand

A

Adam Smith

68
Q

Specialization

A

Adam Smith

69
Q

Labor theory of value

A

Adam Smith

70
Q

Impacted Karl Marx

A

Adam Smith

71
Q

A Serious Proposal to the Ladies

A

Mary Astell

72
Q

Women are as intellectually capable as men

A

Mary Astell

73
Q

Equal access to education

A

Mary Astell

74
Q

Some Reflections upon Marriage

A

Mary Astell

75
Q

Patriarchy in marriage is a form of absolutism

A

Mary Astell

76
Q

The sexes are unequal in marriage

A

Mary Astell

77
Q

Mother of European feminism

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

78
Q

Vindication of the Rights of Women

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

79
Q

Treating women unequally fails the test of reason

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

AP European History (24 decks)

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