Age of Religious Warfare and Persecution KT (all) Flashcards
Ultra-Catholic French family that helped coordinate attacks on the Huguenots and formed a key alliance with Philip II
Guise
Dutch leader of the revolt against the Spanish
William of Orange
She was executed by her first cousin Elizabeth I in 1587 for her role in the abortive Babington Conspiracy/Plot
Mary Queen of Scots
It included a repeal of Bloody Mary’s Catholic legislation, second Act of Supremacy, the Act of Uniformity, and the 39 Articles
Elizabethan Religious
Settlement
In 1588, this supposedly invincible Spanish fleet was battered by the English navy and “Protestant” winds
Spanish Armada
Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
Benelux
The only survivor in this aptly named war was Henry of Navarre, who was reputed to claim that “Paris is worth a mass”
War of the Three Henries
Elizabeth’s childless death led to the end of this dynasty
Tudor
The first of the religious wars that pitted the Catholic forces of Charles V versus the Protestant league of the German territories
Schmalkaldic War
She helped coordinate the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre and served as regent for her sons, Charles IX and Henry III
Catherine de’ Medici
Historic peace treaty that ended the Schmalkaldidc Wars and left the German states decentralized and lacking individual religious toleration
Peace of Augsburg
Literally “whosever region, his religion”; the idea that the territorial German leader would determine the religion of his subjects
Cuius regio, eius religio
Successor to the Valois dynasty in France; its first monarch was Henry IV
Bourbon
After his father Charles V’s abdication, he was given Spain, the Netherlands, New World territories, and Naples (~and Sicily?)
Philip II
The”middle way,” or spirit of compromise and toleration that in part made Elizabeth a successful ruler and helped England avoid some of the problems faced by many other nations in continental Europe
Via media
The key port city of the United Provinces and the commercial capital of 17th century Europe
Amsterdam
French Calvinists
Huguenots
Infamous coordinated attack against the Hugenots in 1572; a key event in the so-called French Wars of Religion
Saint Bartholomew’s day Massacre
Perhaps the greatest naval victory of Philip II in which his navy, representing Catholic Europe, decimated the Ottoman fleet off the coast of Greece in 1571
Battle of Lepanto
The “Virgin Queen” and “Good Queen Bess”
Elizabeth I
Leader of the Sea Dogs who both plundered Spanish galleons and led the English navy against the Spanish Armada in 1588, his successes led to knighthood (much to the anger of Philip II)
Sir Francis Drake
Landmark French law signed in 1598 that granted Huguenots both political and religious rights
Edict of Nantes
The Versailles-like palace of Philip II
El Escorial
Also called the United Provinces, the northern Protestant provinces of the old Spanish Netherlands that gained their independence by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648
Dutch Republic
After his brother’s abdication, he was given the Habsburg lands in the German and Austrian territories
Ferdinand I
The Bard; perhaps the most well-known writer of the English language
William Shakespeare
Infamous textbook (in Latin) for uncovering and rooting out witchcraft
Malleus Maleficarum
A rival of Shakespeare, an Elizabethan spy, and author of many plays like Tamburlaine
Christopher Marlowe
Swedish monarch well-known for assembling a standing army made of conscripts (ad not mercenaries)
Gustavus Adolphus
Spanish author of Don Quixote
Cervantes
A person or group made to bear the blame for others or to suffer in their place, during the Witchcraft Craze, they tended to be poor, widowed, elderly women
Scapegoat
A social and economic cause of the Witchcraft Craze was a move away from communalism and a shift towards _____
Individualism
Famous Mannerist painter patronized by Philip II and artist of the Laocoön
El Greco
After the Peace of Westphalia, this was the political condition of the German territories and a key reason why unification would be over two hundred centuries in the making
Decentralization
The immediate cause of the Thirty Years’ War in which Calvinist nobles in Bohemia hurled out of a window representatives of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II
Defenestration of Prague
Along with the Treaty of the Pyrenees, this historic peace treaty ended the Thirty Years’ War
Peace of Westphalia
By the Treaty of Westphalia, it was made a legal religion along with Catholicism and Lutheranism
Calvinism
Theatre that was home to many of Shakespeare’s plays
The Globe
A military draft
Conscription
The origins of this Habsburg dominion in central and southeastern Europe lay in their failure to unite the German states under their rule
Austrian Empire
His religious skepticism was emblematic of intellectual attitudes increasingly held by elites that helped contribute to the decline of the Witchcraft Craze
Montaigne
Group of French political theorists who argued political loyalty to the nation and not religious uniformity ought to be pursued
Politique
