Religious & Therapeutic Diets Flashcards
What are the key dietary restrictions for individuals following a Halal diet?
Avoid all pork products, alcohol, and animal fats except butter.
Only Halal meats are permissible.
Avoid gelatine unless Halal-certified.
What are the main characteristics of a Kosher diet?
Avoids pork and non-kosher meat.
May require strict separation of meat and milk products.
Kosher food must be prepared using kosher utensils/facilities (if strict).
If in hospital, can be pardoned of observance
Can be acceptable to people of Islamic faith.
What are common dietary considerations for Buddhists?
Typically vegetarian.
Monks may observe fasting rituals.
What are dietary restrictions commonly observed in Hinduism?
Avoid beef
Meat and fish are restricted.
No alcohol consumption.
Observance of fasting practices.
What are the dietary restrictions observed by Mormons?
Avoid caffeine and alcohol.
Practice fasting on specific occasions.
What foods are included and excluded in the Paleo diet?
Included: Whole, unprocessed foods (meat, veg, fruit, nuts, seeds, tubers).
Excluded: Grains, legumes, dairy, processed foods.
Additional focuses: healthy lifestyle - exercise, sleep, stress reduction
Consideration: Low in sugar, CHO, and calcium.
What is the macronutrient composition of the ketogenic diet?
Fat: 70–80% of total energy intake.
Protein: Moderate.
Carbs: Very low (20–50 g/day).
Avoids grains, legumes, fruits, and starchy vegetables.
Considerations: very low in CHO, high saturated fat intake, useful in certain medical conditions
What are key considerations for individuals following a vegan diet?
Eliminates all animal-derived foods (meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy, honey).
Fortified foods or supplements may be necessary for B12, vitamin D, calcium, iron, and zinc.
What does a vegetarian diet exclude, and what are its nutritional considerations?
Excluded: Meat, poultry, fish, gelatine.
Considerations: May require fortified foods or supplements for iron and zinc.
What are the features and risks of a macrobiotic diet?
Focus: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, and plant-based foods.
Excluded: Meat, dairy, refined sugars, poultry, eggs.
Risks: Potential deficiencies in protein, B12, iron, magnesium, calcium, omega-3, and vitamin D.
When is a low microbial diet indicated, and what does it limit?
Indicated For: Neutropenia (<1000 neutrophils) and severe immunosuppression (e.g., post-transplant, cancer treatments).
Limits: High-risk foods for foodborne illness.
When is a Nil-by-Mouth diet indicated, and what does it entail?
Indications: Dysphagia, undergoing general anesthesia or GI surgery, GI perforations.
Restrictions: No food, fluids, water jugs, ONS, or mid-meals.
Note: Contact dietitian if used for more than 2 days
What nutrients are of concern in a Paleo diet, and why?
Fiber (limited grains/legumes), calcium (restricted dairy), and vitamin D (low dairy intake).
Which foods are avoided in the Paleo diet?
Grains, legumes, dairy, and processed foods
What are the key nutrients of concern for vegetarians?
Iron (non-heme is less absorbable), vitamin B12 (found in animal products), and protein (ensure adequate plant-based sources).
Which foods are excluded in a vegetarian diet?
Meat, fish, and poultry.
What nutrients must vegans pay special attention to?
Vitamin B12, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Which foods are entirely excluded in a vegan diet?
All animal products.
What nutrients may be deficient in a macrobiotic diet?
Vitamin B12 & calcium
What are common food restrictions in the macrobiotic diet?
Limited animal products, dairy & some plant foods
What foods are avoided in a Halal diet, and why?
Pork and its by-products; meat must be slaughtered according to Islamic dietary laws.
Are there specific nutrient concerns in a Halal diet?
None specific to the diet, aside from adherence to dietary laws
What foods are prohibited in a Kosher diet?
Pork, shellfish, and any mixing of meat and dairy.
Are there any nutrient concerns unique to a Kosher diet?
None specific to the diet; it’s about adherence to Jewish dietary laws.
What are the hallmark foods of the Mediterranean diet?
Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, and olive oil.
Are there any particular nutrient concerns in the Mediterranean diet?
None; it’s considered a well-balanced diet.
What nutrients are critical during pregnancy, and why?
Folate (neural tube development), iron (increased blood volume), and calcium (fetal bone development).
What foods should pregnant women avoid?
Raw seafood, high-mercury fish, and excessive caffeine.
Why is calcium particularly important during teenage years?
It supports critical bone development during rapid growth.
hat other nutrients are important for teenagers?
Iron (rapid growth increases needs) and vitamin D (bone health).
What nutrients become critical for an exclusively breastfed child after 6 months?
Vitamin D (if maternal levels are low) and iron (stores deplete after 6 months).
How can a breastfeeding mother ensure her baby gets adequate nutrients?
By maintaining a nutrient-dense diet that passes essential nutrients through breast milk.
