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DSR Exam Revision - Clinical Nutrition > Dyslipidaemia > Flashcards

Dyslipidaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is dyslipidemia?

A

Abnormal lipid levels in blood, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

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2
Q

What are the classification criteria for dyslipidemia?

A

Total cholesterol > 5.5 mmol/l, HDL-C < 1 mmol/l, LDL-C > 2 mmol/l, TG > 2 mmol/l.

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3
Q

What are the modified criteria for high-risk groups in dyslipidemia?

A

TC > 4 mmol/l, HDL-C < 1 mmol/l, LDL-C > 1.8 mmol/l, TG > 2 mmol/l.

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4
Q

What is the initial goal for lipid management?

A

Weight loss.

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5
Q

What is the recommended carbohydrate intake as per AMDR for lipid management?

A

CHO: 45 - 65% of Total Energy Intake (TEI).

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6
Q

What is the recommended protein intake for lipid management?

A

Protein: 15 - 25% of Total Energy Intake (TEI).

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7
Q

What is the recommended total fat intake for lipid management?

A

Total fat: 20 - 35%, with an emphasis on types of fat consumed.

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8
Q

What is the recommended intake for saturated fat?

A

Saturated fat: < 10% (HF now suggests <7%).

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9
Q

What are the benefits of MUFA?

A

MUFA: ~20% intake, increases HDL, neutral on cholesterol, decreases LDL & TG.

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10
Q

What is the recommended intake for N-6 PUFA?

A

N-6 PUFA: 4 - 10% intake, decreases LDL/TG/cholesterol & HDL.

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11
Q

What is the recommended intake for long-chain n-3 PUFA?

A

Long-chain n-3 PUFA (EPA, DHA, DPA): 250 - 500mg intake.

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12
Q

What is the recommended intake for plant-based n-3 PUFA?

A

Plant-based n-3 PUFA (ALA): 1g/day.

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13
Q

What is the recommendation for cholesterol intake?

A

Focus on reducing saturated fat to manage cholesterol; limit eggs to <6/week for T2DM.

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14
Q

What is the recommended intake for plant sterols?

A

Plant sterols: 2 - 3g/day.

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15
Q

What is the recommended intake for soluble fiber?

A

Soluble fiber: 6g/day.

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16
Q

What is the recommended total fiber intake?

A

Total fiber: 25 - 30g/day.

17
Q

What factors influence increased triglycerides?

A

Obesity (central), refined carbohydrates, alcohol, saturated & trans fats.

18
Q

What are the effects of saturated fat on lipids?

A

Increases LDL, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) & HDL.

19
Q

What are the effects of trans fats on lipids?

A

Increases LDL & TG.

20
Q

What are the effects of MUFA on lipids?

A

Increases HDL, neutral on TC, decreases LDL & TG.

21
Q

What are the effects of N-6 PUFA on lipids?

A

Decreases LDL, TG, cholesterol & HDL.

22
Q

What are the effects of N-3 PUFA on lipids?

A

Decreases LDL, TG & TC, increases HDL.

DSR Exam Revision - Clinical Nutrition (27 decks)

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