Oncology & palliative care Flashcards
MNT Goals in Oncology - What are the primary goals of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in oncology?
Maintain or improve nutritional status.
Manage symptoms & treatment side effects.
Optimise treatment outcomes & enhance QoL.
What factors should be included in a nutritional assessment for oncology patients?
PMHx, current DHx.
Weight changes & body composition.
Nutrition-related symptoms (e.g., anorexia, dysphagia, nausea).
Muscle mass & lab values.
Why is it important to prevent malnutrition in oncology patients, and how can it be addressed?
Malnutrition can lead to cachexia, impaired immune function, and reduced treatment tolerance.
Use nutrient-dense foods & ONS to meet nutritional needs.
Manage hydration to prevent dehydration or fluid retention from treatments.
What side effects of cancer treatments can impact nutrition, and how can they be managed?
Side effects: N+V, taste changes, loss of appetite, mouth sores.
Strategies: Tailor diets, include texture modifications, and focus on symptom management.
How can weight management be addressed in oncology patients?
Individualise based on treatment goals: weight loss or gain.
Monitor nutritional status and provide HEHP diets as needed
Why are education and counselling essential in oncology nutrition management?
Educate on dietary choices & food safety.
Provide emotional support for psychological aspects of living with cancer.
What does “CAUTION” stand for in screening for red flag symptoms of cancer?
C: Change in bowel habits.
A: A sore that does not heal.
U: Unusual bleeding/discharge.
T: Thickening/lump in breast or elsewhere.
I: Indigestion or dyspepsia.
O: Obvious changes to warts/moles.
N: Nagging cough + persistent pain, unexplained weight loss.
What are key nutrition strategies for oncology patients?
HEHP diet to prevent malnutrition & deficiencies.
Early intervention & frequent follow-ups.
Use ONS, texture modification, EN, or TPN as needed.
What tools and frequency are used for nutrition screening in oncology?
Screening tools: SGA, MUST, MST.
Active Treatment: Weekly during chemo/radiation.
Post-op: Weekly/biweekly for 3 months.
Cachexia/POI: Every 2 weeks.
What are the goals of nutrition in palliative care?
Comfort nutrition to optimise well-being and alleviate suffering.
Symptom management, hydration, and texture-modified foods.
Respect patient choices and provide emotional & psychological support.
