Relative clauses Flashcards

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1
Q

there were two men getting a wardrobe out of the lorry

A

Il y avait deux hommes qui sortaient une armoire du camion

subject (± animate)

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2
Q

If he knew of a place which would be suitable he would say so

A

S’il connaissait un endroit qui convienne il le dirait

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3
Q

Hedges between which he had planted rose bushes

A

Des haies entre lesquelles il avait planté des rosiers

object (-animate) of a preposition

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4
Q

That to which you make reference

A

Ce à quoi tu fais référence

Main clause uses ce and is an object of a preposition in the relative clause

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5
Q

They will have to apologize for what they did

A

Ils devront s’excuser de ce qu’ils ont fait

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6
Q

Tell me what you are thinking

A

Dis-moi ce à quoi tu penses

non-specific head; object of a preposition

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7
Q

Whatever book you *(choose), you will benefit from a discount

A

Quelque livre que vous choisissiez, vous bénéficierez d’un rabais

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8
Q

The only (ever) portrait I saw of her

A

Le seul portrait que j’aie vu d’elle

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9
Q

during the season when

A

à la saison où

time adverb (definite)

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10
Q

Interminable weekends during which I didn’t know what to do

A

Des weekends interminables, durant lesquels je ne savais quoi faire

object (-animate) of a preposition

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11
Q

Finish your work, after which we can have dinner

A

Finissez votre travail, après quoi on peut dîner

The whole main clause is referred to as an object of a preposition in the relative clause

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12
Q

I am very grateful for what you have done for us

A

Je suis très reconnaissant de ce que vous avez fait pour nous

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13
Q

They had noticed who Jo preferred

A

Ils avaient remarqué celui que Jo préférait

non-specific head; subject or object (+ animate)

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14
Q

the day when

A

le jour où

time adverb (definite)

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15
Q

They did some silly things. They will have to apologize (for sth)

A

Ils ont fait des bêtises. Ils devront s’excuser (de qc)

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16
Q

They repaired what was broken

A

On a réparé ce qui était cassé

non-specific head; subject (- animate)

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17
Q

A house whose shutters were closed

A

Une maison dont les volets étaient fermés

object of de (± animate)

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18
Q

That’s something which complicates things

A

Voilà/voici qui complique les choses

subject (± animate)

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19
Q

Whichever book you choose

A

Quelque livre que vous choisissiez

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20
Q

how does one form however+adjective heading a relative clause

A

quelque/si/aussi/pour + adjective + verb in the subjunctive tout + adjective + verb in the indicative

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21
Q

I congratulate you on what you have achieved

A

Je vous félicite de ce que vous avez réalisé

the relative clause modifies the whole preceding clause as object with de, the head word is not present - de ce que

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22
Q

When you see someone drowning you should try to save them

A

Quand on voit quelqu’un qui se noie il faut essayer de le sauver

subject (± animate)

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23
Q

You came. I am astonished (about sth)

A

Vous êtes venu. Je suis stupéfait (de qc)

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24
Q

They welcome whoever comes

A

Ils accueillent quiconque arrive

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25
Q

A group of academics amongst whom there are Americans

A

Un groupe d’universitaires parmi lesquels on compte des Américains

When objects of parmi and entre are animate, use lesquels or lesquelles:

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26
Q

A colleague whose brother I met on holiday

A

Une collègue dont j’ai rencontré le frère pendant mes vacances

object of de (± animate)

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27
Q

Whatever efforts you make they won’t be accorded any credit

A

Quelques efforts que vous fassiez, on ne vous en accordera aucun crédit

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28
Q

She bought an old shop of which only the four walls remained

A

Elle a acheté une vieille boutique dont il ne restait plus que les quatre murs

object of de (± animate)

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29
Q

It was the first (ever) film that dealt with the topic

A

C’était le premier film qui ait traité de ce sujet

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30
Q

It’s something one can get interested in

A

C’est quelque chose à quoi on peut s’intéresser

Main clause uses qqc and is an object of a preposition in the relative clause

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31
Q

Whatever he does

A

Quoi qu’il fasse

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32
Q

There is nothing on which one can rely

A

Il n’y a rien sur quoi on puisse se baser

Main clause, using rien is the object of a preposition in the relative clause

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33
Q

We brought back something to drink

A

On a ramené de quoi boire

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34
Q

The man who has just been called Rossi gets up

A

L’homme qu’on vient d’appeler Rossi se lève

direct object (± animate)

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35
Q

This is the hotel where he spent the last years of his life

A

Voici l’hôtel dans lequel il a passé les dernières années de sa vie

object (-animate) of a preposition

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36
Q

You have done a great deal for us, for which I am very grateful

A

Vous avez fait énormément de choses pour nous, ce dont je suis très reconnaissant

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37
Q

I saw him leaving

A

Je l’ai vu qui sortait

subject (± animate)

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38
Q

Whoever you appoint, I’ll make his life hard

A

Qui que vous nommiez, je lui mènerai la vie dure

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39
Q

The richest (ever) woman whom we have photographed

A

La femme la plus riche que nous ayons photographiée

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40
Q

She sent what we needed

A

Elle a envoyé ce dont on avait besoin

non-specific head; object of de

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41
Q

The intermediary we were counting on turned out to be dishonest

A

L’intermédiaire sur qui on comptait s’est avéré malhonnête

object (+ animate) of a preposition

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42
Q

However demanding they may be, we still have to satisfy our customers (pour)

A

Pour exigeants qu’ils soient, nous devons pourtant satisfaire nos clients

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43
Q

You came, which astonishes me

A

Vous êtes venu, ce dont je suis stupéfait

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44
Q

He missed the train, which made him angry

A

Il a manqué le train, ce qui l’a mis en colère

the relative clause modifies the whole preceding clause as subject, ce qui

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45
Q

I’m going to tell you what I have confidence in

A

Je vais te dire ce en quoi j’ai confiance

non-specific head; object of a preposition

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46
Q

Colleagues between whom there was no rivalry

A

Des collègues entre lesquelles il n’y avait aucune rivalité

When objects of parmi and entre are animate, use lesquels or lesquelles:

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47
Q

I bought the text to which he made reference

A

J’ai acheté le texte auquel il a fait référence

object (-animate) of a preposition

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48
Q

when can you use quoi as a relative pronoun

A

Where the head of the relative clause is rien, quelque chose, ce or a clause, and is understood as the object of a preposition in the relative clause

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49
Q

in the days when

A

au temps où

time adverb (definite)

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50
Q

mas and fem of lequel

A

lequel - lesquels laquelle - lesquelles

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51
Q

I saw three of them yesterday, one of which was green

A

J’en ai vu trois hier, dont une verte

object of de (± animate)

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52
Q

A pier to which boats are moored

A

Un ponton où des bateaux sont amarrés

place adverb

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53
Q

Wherever he goes, we’ll follow him

A

Où qu’il aille, nous le suivrons

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54
Q

He set about destroying everything that was within his reach

A

Il s’est mis à détruire tout ce qui était à sa portée

Both ce qui and ce que may be preceded by tout as part of a relative clause, ce here is obligatory

non-specific head; subject (- animate)

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55
Q

You have done a great deal for us. I am very grateful (for sth)

A

Vous avez fait énormément de choses pour nous. Je suis très reconnaissant (de qc)

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56
Q

The country he comes from

A

Le pays d’où il vient

place adverb with de

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57
Q

He was going to marry the sister of a colleague from work who had studied in Austria

A

Il allait se marier avec la sœur d’un collègue de travail, laquelle avait fait ses études en Autriche

formal french

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58
Q

Papers among which 1 found our family tree

A

Des papiers parmi lesquels j’ai trouvé notre arbre généalogique

object (-animate) of a preposition

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59
Q

However demanding they may be, we still have to respect our customers’ needs (aussi)

A

Aussi exigeants qu’ils soient, nous devons pourtant satisfaire nos clients

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60
Q

there where I’ve parked my car

A

Là où j’ai rangé ma voiture

place adverb

61
Q

Do you know of a place which would be suitable?

A

Connaissez-vous un endroit qui convienne?

62
Q

at the time (of day) when

A

à l’heure où

time adverb (definite)

63
Q

The conference in which I am going to take part

A

La conférence à laquelle je vais participer

object (-animate) of a preposition

64
Q

Whatever/whichever book you choose, we’ll give you a discount

A

Quelque livre que vous choisissiez, nous vous offriront un rabais

65
Q

A group of academics amongst whom there are Americans

A

Un groupe d’universitaires parmi lesquels on compte des Américains

When objects of parmi and entre are animate, use lesquels or lesquelles:

66
Q

She lives in a house around which there is a laurel hedge

A

Elle habite une maison autour de laquelle il y a une haie de lauriers

object (-animate) of a preposition

67
Q

Whenever she has a free moment she looks over her vocabulary

A

Toutes les fois qu’elle a un moment de libre, elle révise son vocabulaire

68
Q

However demanding they may be, we still have to satisfy our customers (quelque)

A

Quelque {invariable) exigeants qu’ils soient, nous devons pourtant satisfaire nos clients

69
Q

We had to sell the house in which were our most beautiful carpets

A

Nous avons dû vendre la maison à l’intérieur de laquelle se trouvaient nos plus belles moquettes

object (- animate) of a preposition in a prepositional phrase

70
Q

The key he used to open the door is an old spare

A

La clef qu’il a utilisée pour ouvrir la porte est un vieux double

direct object (± animate)

71
Q

The seaside resort where I spent my holidays

A

La station balnéaire où j’ai passé mes vacances

place adverb

72
Q

Whoever can speak a foreign language will get the job

A

Quiconque connaît une langue étrangère aura le poste

73
Q

At the time when she was still a student

A

A l’époque où elle était encore étudiante

time adverb (definite)

74
Q

lequel with à and de

A

auquel - auxquels à laquelle - auxquelles duquel - desquels de laquelle - desquelles

75
Q

That represents (used as ‘that is) an effort I am perfectly capable of

A

Cela représente un effort dont je suis parfaitement capable

object of de (± animate)

76
Q

I believe what he says

A

Je crois ce qu’il dit

non-specific head; object (- animate)

77
Q

Everything is possible for he who knows how to harness his energies

A

Tout est possible à qui sait ménager son effort

object (+ animate) of a preposition

78
Q

Don’t throw out what I was writing on

A

Ne jette pas ce sur quoi j’écrivais

non-specific head; object of a preposition

79
Q

The illness from which he died

A

La maladie dont il est mort

object of de (± animate)

80
Q

He has never again seen the friend he used to play with when they were little

A

II n’a jamais revu le camarade avec qui il jouait quand ils étaient petits

object (+ animate) of a preposition

81
Q

Whatever the circumstances which might explain his mistake, I can’t forgive him

A

Quelles que soient les circonstances qui puissent expliquer son erreur, je ne peux pas la lui pardonner

82
Q

It’s the tallest of (the set of) them who won the prize

A

C’est le plus grand qui a gagné le prix

83
Q

They lived in a flat behind which there was an abattoir

A

Ils habitaient un appartement derrière lequel il y avait un abattoir

object (-animate) of a preposition

84
Q

Someone has stolen what was in the lecture hall

A

On a volé ce qui était dans l’amphithéâtre

non-specific head subject (- animate)

85
Q

Colleagues between whom there was no rivalry

A

Des collègues entre lesquelles il n’y avait aucune rivalité

When objects of parmi and entre are animate, use lesquels or lesquelles:

86
Q

It’s the moment when the train starts off again

A

C’est le moment où la locomotive se remet en marche

time adverb (definite)

87
Q

However demanding they may be, we still have to respect our customers’ needs (tout)

A

Tout {invariable) exigeants qu’ils sont, nous devons pourtant satisfaire nos clients

88
Q

Someone has stolen the video recorder, which will disrupt classes

A

On a volé le magnétoscope, ce qui va interrompre les cours

the relative clause modifies the whole preceding clause, ce qui

89
Q

She was wearing a blazer in whose pocket there was a letter

A

Elle portait un blazer dans la poche duquel il y avait une lettre

object (- animate) of a preposition in a prepositional phrase

90
Q

Three people arrived, including Pierre

A

Trois personnes sont arrivées, dont Pierre

object of de (± animate)

91
Q

Whatever he does

A

Quoi qu’il fasse

92
Q

I know no-one who can help me

A

Je ne connais personne qui puisse m’aider

93
Q

a car on whose bonnet was sitting a model

A

une voiture sur le capot de laquelle était assis un mannequin

object (- animate) of a preposition in a prepositional phrase

94
Q

Once when she was visiting her aunt

A

Une fois qu’elle rendait visite à sa tante

time adverb (indefinite)

95
Q

Someone has stolen the video recorder which was in the lecture hall

A

On a volé le magnétoscope qui était dans l’amphithéâtre

subject (± animate)

96
Q

It’s there that we will dig the hole

A

C’est là qu’on creusera le trou

direct object (± animate)

97
Q

Whoever you appoint

A

Qui que vous nommiez

98
Q

She was born in the village which they destroyed to build the dam

A

Elle est née dans le village qu’on a détruit pour faire le barrage

direct object (± animate)

99
Q

Whatever the price may be, I’ll buy it

A

Quel que soit le prix, je l’achèterai

100
Q

However big he is

A

Quelque/Si/Aussi/Pour grand qu’il soit

101
Q

I will do what I please

A

Je ferai ce qui me plaira

non-specific head; subject (- animate)

102
Q

Whatever the response

A

Quelle que soit la réponse

103
Q

She heard him singing in his bath

A

Elle l’a entendu qui chantait dans son bain

subject (± animate)

104
Q

We saw what that produced

A

On a vu ce que cela a produit

non-specific head; object (- animate)

105
Q

The young man next to whom he’s sitting recognizes him

A

Le jeune homme près de qui il est assis le reconnaît

object (+ animate) of a preposition

106
Q

She saw who was present at the meeting

A

Elle a vu ceux qui assistaient à la réunion

non-specific head; subject or object (+ animate)

107
Q

a writer in whose life he is interested

A

un écrivain à la vie duquel (or, possibly, de qui) il s’intéresse

object (+ animate) of a preposition in a prepositional phrase

il s’intéresse à la vie d’un écrivain

108
Q

He’s a shopkeeper in whom one can have confidence

A

C’est un commerçant en qui on peut avoir confiance

object (+ animate) of a preposition

109
Q

It’s the first film (of the set of those I’ve seen) that I saw, and the finest one I’ve seen

A

C’est le premier film que j’ai vu, et le plus beau de toute ma vie

110
Q

You have succeeded in your project. I congratulate you (on something)

A

Vous avez réalisé votre projet. Je vous félicite (de qc).

111
Q

Whatever may happen

A

Quoi qui puisse arriver

112
Q

You have succeeded in your project, on which I congratulate you

A

Vous avez réalisé votre projet, ce dont je vous félicite

the relative clause modifies the whole preceding clause as object with de, the head word is present - ce dont

113
Q

A house whose shutters had been closed

A

Une maison dont on avait fermé les volets

object of de (± animate)

114
Q

She is cutting up the pie which she got out of the oven

A

Elle découpe la tarte qu’elle a sortie du four

direct object (± animate)

115
Q

It’s a job that I would have liked to have had

A

C’est un poste que j’aurais aimé avoir

direct object (± animate)

116
Q

I passed him on the stairs which lead to the cellar

A

Je l’ai croisé dans l’escalier qui mène à la cave

subject (± animate)

117
Q

It’s a book which marries history, suspense and quality

A

C’est un ouvrage qui allie histoire, suspense et qualité

subject (± animate)

118
Q

She wants to buy a house which has a swimming pool

A

Elle veut acheter une maison qui ait une piscine

119
Q

She saw the delegates who were present at the meeting

A

Elle a vu les délégués (head) qui assistaient à la réunion (relative clause)

subject (± animate)

120
Q

I invited you know who

A

J’ai invité qui vous savez

subject (± animate)

121
Q

She succeeded in persuading him, which I would never have thought possible

A

Elle a réussi à le persuader, ce que je n’aurais jamais cru possible

the relative clause modifies the whole preceding clause as object, ce que

122
Q

A colleague whose brother is in South America

A

Une collègue dont le frère est en Amérique du Sud

object of de (± animate)

123
Q

We saw all that that produced

A

On a vu tout ce que cela a produit

Both ce qui and ce que may be preceded by tout as part of a relative clause, ce here is obligatory

non-specific head; object (- animate)

124
Q

Whatever may happen

A

Quoi qui puisse arriver

125
Q

She is cutting up the pie which she got out of the oven

A

Elle découpe la tarte qu’elle a sortie du four

direct object (± animate)

126
Q

Whatever the price (may be), I’ll buy it

A

Quel que soit le prix, je l’achèterai

127
Q

They did some silly things, for which they will have to apologize

A

Ils ont fait des bêtises, ce dont ils devront s’excuser

the relative clause modifies the whole preceding clause as object with de - ce dont

128
Q

The tourist I spoke to comes from Quebec

A

Le touriste à qui j’ai parlé vient du Québec

object (+ animate) of a preposition

129
Q

It’s the moment when the train restarts

A

C’est le moment où la locomotive se remet en marche

time adverb (definite)

130
Q

He is the one who gave it to me

A

C’est lui qui me l’a donné

subject (± animate)

131
Q

The last (ever) novel he wrote before he died

A

Le dernier roman qu’il ait écrit avant de mourir

132
Q

A hardening of the official attitude is feared, which could increase the difficulties

A

On craint un durcissement dans l’attitude officielle, ce qui pourrait accroître les difficultés

the relative clause modifies the whole preceding clause as subject, ce qui

133
Q

However demanding they may be, we still have to respect our customers’ needs (si)

A

Si exigeants qu’ils soient, nous devons pourtant satisfaire nos clients

134
Q

They bought almost a hundred of them, some of which were worth a lot of money

A

Ils en ont acheté presque une centaine, dont plusieurs valaient très cher

object of de (± animate)

135
Q

The door she came through

A

La porte par où elle est entrée

place adverb with par

136
Q

That illustrates the contradictions within which Great Britain is locked

A

Cela illustre les contradictions dans lesquelles s’enferme la Grande-Bretagne

object (-animate) of a preposition

137
Q

I am astonished that you should have come

A

Je suis stupéfait de ce que vous soyez venu

138
Q

The star to whom I wrote has never replied to me

A

La vedette à qui j’ai écrit ne m’a jamais répondu

object (+ animate) of a preposition

139
Q

The white horse is in the field near which we had a picnic

A

Le cheval blanc se trouve dans le champ à côté duquel nous avons pique-niqué

object (- animate) of a preposition in a prepositional phrase

140
Q

There are several trees on which placards have been nailed

A

Il y a plusieurs arbres sur lesquels on a cloué des pancartes

object (-animate) of a preposition

141
Q

He is heard opening the front door which closes again with a bang

A

On l’entend ouvrir la porte d’entrée qui se referme en claquant

subject (± animate)

142
Q

I would recommend the garage-owner I got this car from

A

Je recommanderais le garagiste par qui j’ai eu cette voiture

object (+ animate) of a preposition

143
Q

I have always suffered because of the name that I carry

A

J’ai toujours souffert du nom que je porte

direct object (± animate)

144
Q

Whovever he is, I’ll welcome him

A

Quel qu’il soit, je l’accueillerai

145
Q

The text he made reference to

A

Le texte auquel il a fait référence

object (-animate) of a preposition

146
Q

Whatever his intentions are, don’t trust him

A

Quelles que soient ses intentions, méfie-toi

147
Q

There are 30 mills in the region, including 28 out of commission

A

Il y a 30 moulins dans la région, dont 28 désaffectés

object of de (± animate)

148
Q

She has invited her teacher, for whom she has a great deal of respect, to dinner

A

Elle a invité son professeur, pour qui elle a beaucoup de respect, à diner

object (+ animate) of a preposition