Relationships - sexual selection

Question 1

what is sexual selection based off?

Answer 1

evolution

Question 2

what is evolution?

Answer 2

The change in the physiological/psychological traits of organisms over generations for survival benefits

Question 3

what is sexual selection?

Answer 3

an evolutionary explanation of partner preferences that states attributes/charectoristics which improve sexual reproduction are passed on and may become exagerrated over generations of offspring.

Question 4

what is anisogamy?

Answer 4

the difference between male and female sex cells

Question 5

what are sex cells called?

Answer 5

gametes

Question 6

describe the male sex cell.

Answer 6

sperm - very small - fast - requires little energy to produce and theyre created in vast quantities making them able to reproduce quickly

Question 7

describe the female sex cell

Answer 7

the egg/ova - large - static and produce at intervals over fertile years - and require more energy than sperm to produce - they’re seen as rare source

Question 8

what are the types of sexual selection

Answer 8

inter and intra

Question 9

what is intra-sexual slection

Answer 9

this is stratergies between the sexes - what males do o get with females

Question 10

what is inter-sexual selection

Answer 10

this is within the sexes- the female prefered methpd

Question 11

who is more choosy of the sexual partners?

Answer 11

females

Question 12

why are females picky about their sexual partners?

Answer 12

• ova are rarer than sperm and require more energy to reproduce
• ## consequences are much greater for female since they have the risks of child birth and intensity of pregnancy which prevents them reproducing for another year

Question 13

what is the females optimum mating stratergy (who do they want to get with)?

Answer 13

selecting a genetically fit male who is willing and able to provide resources. Males will then compete for the female

Question 14

what determines male traits that are passed down

Answer 14

females

females will mate with men they deem as fit and the features these fit males will be passed down to their offspring

Question 15

explain the evolution of tall males

Answer 15

• women think tall males are fit for reproducing
• over generations tallness would incrase in males because females mate with them
• over time males will be taller

Question 16

what sexes preffered mating strategy is inter-sexual slection?

Answer 16

females - quality over quanitity

Question 17

what mating strategy do males prefer?

Answer 17

intra-sexual

males - quantity over quality

Question 18

explain quanity over quality

Answer 18

male mating method
- males should mate with as many females as they can
- this is because of the little effort it takes to produce sperm
- they have a lack of post-coital responsibility so can just move on

Question 19

explain intra-sexual selection in males

Answer 19

• men compete to mate with a female.
• the winner reproduces and passes on their genes

Question 20

what has intra-sexual selection given rise too

Answer 20

dimorphism - differences in females and males in terms of size

Question 21

what are the psychological concequences of intra-sexual selection

Answer 21

• for males to compete for women they may benefit from being agressive

Question 22

what is the male sexual prefernce

Answer 22

• youth because it suggests fertility
• curvy women because theyll have less problems in child birth

Question 23

mating preference for females

Answer 23

they prefer older males because they suggest security and resources for their children

Question 24

what was clark and hatfields research?

Answer 24

male and female psychology students were asked to go around a uni campus to approach other students and say ‘ive been noticing you around, will you have sex with me’ . 0% of females said yes but 75% of males said yes.

Question 25

what is oestrus

Answer 25

a period of fertility in females

Question 26

the link between males and oestrus

Answer 26

an evolutionary advantage males have developed is an ability to know when a female is in oestrus. This is so he can know when she is fertile and have sex with her to reproduce.

Question 27

a01 summary of evolutionary explanations for partner preference

Answer 27

• evolution
• anisogamy
• inter/intra sexual slection
• males and oestrus

Question 28

what was millers research?

Answer 28

miller had strip dancers on and off the pill (in and out of oestrus) calculate how many tips they had. Found they had more tips when they was off the pill and in oestus this suggests males CAN detect it. There is an evolutionary proponent to partner preferences.

Question 29

Evaluate evolutionary explanation for partner preferences

Answer 29

+ miller
+ clark + hatfield
- heterosexually centred AND OFFENCIVE TO WOMEN
- DOES ACCOUNT FOR SOCIAL INFLUENCES FOR EXAMPLE, DEVELOPEMNT IN CONTRACEPTION MEANS WOMEN CAN HAVE SEX MORE