Memory Flashcards
Evaluation of the multi-store model
+ Research support: Baddeley, P&§P, Bahrick
+ Practical application: Revision
- Research against: Shallice and Warrington
- Oversimplified: Craik and Watkins
Shallice and Warrington (evaluation of the MSM)
working memory model shows STM and LTM is much more complex as shown by Shallice and Warrington who found KF had good visual but bad verbal.
Craik and Watkins
evidence to suggest there is more than one type of rehearsal. This led to Craik and Watkins introducing elaborate rehearsal to solidify the MSM.
Evaluation of working memory model
+ Research support: Shallice and Warrington
- Sample bias: Case studie
+ Research support: Baddeley
- Artificial task: F task
+ More comprehensive explanation than MSM
What did Shallice and Warrington find?
found that KF, who had brain accident, had good visual but bad verbal, suggests Phonological loop was damaged but visio sketchpad is fine. Therefore supporting that there is 2 slave systems,
What was Baddeley’s procedure WWM?
carried out a visual tracking task on a screen. One group was told to describe the angles on a letter F while doing the tracking task while other group had to do a verbal task while doing the visual tracking task.
Why was Shallice and Warrington’s research flawed?
bias sample: only being a one off case study which was extremely unique.
What did Baddeley find WMM?
Describing the letter F was found to be much harder. Therefore suggesting we cannot use the same slave systems at the same time which supports the LTM aspect of the WMM.
Why is Baddeley’s research flawed?
lacks ecological validity. artificial material and was not representative of real life.
Evaluation of interference
+ Research support: McGeoch and McDonalds
- Artificial task
+ Research support: Baddeley’s
- Bias sample: Ruby players
- Alternative explanation: Retrieval failure
How was McGeoch and McDonalds research flawed?
artificial material. For example the lists of words are not relevant to our everyday lives
What did Baddeley and Hitch find?
found Rugby players could remember current season’s games and not last season’s week by week (Retroactive interference)
How was Baddeley and Hitch research flawed?
Bias sample: Rugby players cannot be generalised
Evaluation of retrieval failure
+ Research support: Goddan and Baddley
- Artificial environment
+ Research support: Carter and Cassaday
+ Practical application: revision aid
- Alternative explanations: Interference
Evaluation of misleading information
+ Practical application: Police force
+ Scientific, Controlled: Lab, confounding variables irradiated
- Demand characteristics: figured out the aims of the study
- Lacks ecological validity: Artificial environment
- Bias sample: Loftus and Palmer, American
