psychodynamic approach

Question 1

who created the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 1

freud

Question 2

what are the psychosexual stages?

Answer 2

oral, anal, phallic , latency , genital

Question 3

what is the oral stage?

Answer 3

fixation on gullibility , immaturity and manipulative behaviour

need pleasure on the mouth - sucking

Question 4

what is the two subtopics of the anal stage ?

Answer 4

anal retentive
anal explusive

Question 5

what is anal retentive ?

Answer 5

obsession with organisation

Question 6

what is anal expulsive ?

Answer 6

reckless defiant and disorganised behaviour

Question 7

what is the two subtopics of the phallic stage ?

Answer 7

oedipus complex
electra complex

Question 8

what is oedipus complex ?

Answer 8

boys sexually desire their mothers and envy their fathers. develop castration anxiety as fear of father finding out so they act more masculine copying their parent this is identification

Question 9

what is electra complex ?

Answer 9

girls develop penis envy since they desire their father, desire is repressed with wish for baby and blame mother for castration

Question 10

what is latency phase ?

Answer 10

no fixation but feeling sexually unfulfilled

no pleasure

Question 11

what is genital stage ?

Answer 11

frigidity , impotence , unsatisfactory relationships

require vaginal and penis pleasure

Question 12

when is oral stage ?

Answer 12

0-18 months

Question 13

when is anal stage ?

Answer 13

18-36 months

Question 14

when is phallic stage ?

Answer 14

3-6 years

Question 15

when is latency stage ?

Answer 15

6 year till puberty

Question 16

when is genital stage ?

Answer 16

11+ years

Question 17

what is the id principle ?

Answer 17

pleasure

Question 18

what is the ego principle ?

Answer 18

reality

Question 19

what is the superego principle ?

Answer 19

morality

Question 20

facts about the id

Answer 20

1. only personality trait since birth
2. selfish
3. unconscious and drives instincts

Question 21

facts about the ego

Answer 21

1. mediator of two other personalities
2. uses defence mechanisms
3. develops at 2

Question 22

facts about the superego

Answer 22

1. formed after phallic stage (3-6)
2. punishes ego for wrong doings
3. represents moral standards of same sex parent

Question 23

what are the three parts of the mind according to Freud ?

Answer 23

conscious
preconscious
unconscious

Question 24

as a whole what are the three parts of the personality called

Answer 24

tripartite

Question 25

what is the pre-conscious

Answer 25

not conscious but can be easily accessed if desired

Question 26

what things are in the unconscious mind ?

Answer 26

biological instincts
memories / trauma
dreams
repressed desires

Question 27

three defence mechanisms

Answer 27

denial
displacement
repression

Question 28

evaluate the psychodynamic approach?

Answer 28

+ little Hans
- case study - we cannot make such universal claims about human nature
+ Practical applications - psychoanalysis - useful
- however, his findings were also very subjective it is unlikely that other psychologist would find the same as Freud and it cannot be appropriate for serious mental health disorders limiting its use
- like scientific rigour and basis. For example, the odeipus is not emperically verifiable. Popper argued this mean the psychodynamic approach is pseudoscience
- deterministic. All behaviour if predisposed by unconscious conflict or defence mechanisms even our accidental behaviour such as slip of the tongue/Paraplaxes is determined. This theory ignored free will and autonomy.

Question 29

describe little hans case study

Answer 29

boy developed fear of horses after seeing one collapse in the street
Freud said this was because he displaced the fear of his dad onto horses - due to his fear of castration for liking his mother as part of the oedipus complex

Question 30

what parts of personality are in the unconscious?

Answer 30

id and superego

Question 31

what parts of personality are in the conscious?

Answer 31

ego

Question 32

what shapes tripartite personality?

Answer 32

experience/conflicts in childhood shape the development of the 3 parts affecting how a
person behaves

Question 33

what is the role of the uconscious

Answer 33

• the unconscious is the driving/motivating force behind our behaviour/personality
• the unconscious protects the conscious self from anxiety/fear/trauma/conflict.
  traumatic (repressed) memories drive our behaviour
• defence mechanisms, eg repression, denial, displacement, are used unconsciously to reduce anxiety

Question 34

what pleasure is needed at the anal stage?

Answer 34

pleasure at the anus

Question 35

pleasure at the phallic stage?

Answer 35

sex organs

Question 36

what is psychoanalysis?

Answer 36

therapy that aims to treat mental conditions by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation

Question 37

what are defence mechanisms?

Answer 37

unconscious stratergies that the ego uses to mediate conflict between the superego and the id

Question 38

what are psychosexual stages?

Answer 38

stages of development every infant goes to ad each stage there is a fixation and conflict that has an outcome in which influences future behaviour