behaviorist approach

Question 1

what are the two types of conditioning ?

Answer 1

classical
operant

Question 2

what is classical conditioning ?

Answer 2

learnt through association

Question 3

what is operant conditioning ?

Answer 3

learning through reinforcement

Question 4

what is the classical conditioning key study ?

Answer 4

Pavlov’s dog 1927

Question 5

what is the operant conditioning key study ?

Answer 5

skinner 1953

Question 6

what is positive reinforcement ?

Answer 6

gaining a reward

Question 7

what is negative reinforcement ?

Answer 7

removal of something unpleasant

Question 8

what is reinforcement ?

Answer 8

a consequence of behavior that increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated

Question 9

what was Pavlov’s experiment ?

Answer 9

he gave a dog an unconditioned stimuli (food) and there was salivation.
then gave dog second unconditioned stimuli (bell) and there was no salivation.
then he gave dog bell and food together whilst conditioning
then gave dog conditioned stimuli (bell) and there was now salivation
he had associated the bell with food.

Question 10

what was the little albert case study ?

Answer 10

child liked rats
every time child tried to touch rat they played loud iron rod
child associated iron rod with rat
child developed fear

Question 11

evaluate the quality of research support (little albert)

Answer 11

disadvantage - unethical - psychological harm and distress- developed fear

Question 12

evaluate scientific credibility for behaviorist approach

Answer 12

advantage - lab experiment - less extraneous variables - more control over IV and DV

Question 13

what is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment ?

Answer 13

negative reinforcement aims to increase the likelihood of repeated behavior whereas punishment aims to decrease repeated behavior

Question 14

what study did the boy associate iron rod noise with rats?

Answer 14

little albert

Question 15

evaluate behaviourism

Answer 15

+scientific credibility and through its emphasis on scientific methodology in research it was influential for the development of psychology as science
+ practical applications -> treatment for phobias and token economy
+ little albert - case study
- research has cross specie validity
- determinist- suggests all behaviour is a result of historcal conditioing and even when we think we have done something out of choice its actually only bc weve subconsciously learned it. for skinner free will is an illusion

Question 16

assumptions of behaviourism?

Answer 16

• studies what can be observed and measured
• believes in lab experiemnts
• basic learning is the same across all specie