Related Issue 2: Part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Which new ideologies formed in response to liberalism?
A
Luddism Chartism Socialism Marxism Classical conservatism Welfare capitalism Welfare state Keynesianism
2
Q
Who was the leader of luddism?
A
Ned Ludd
3
Q
What did Luddites do?
A
They destroyed factory equipment that would replace the need for human laborers
4
Q
What was the government response to Luddism?
A
The death penalty
5
Q
Who were the Chartists?
A
A working class movement in Britain that focused on social and political reform
6
Q
Where did Chartists get their name?
A
The people’s charter of 1838
7
Q
What were the goals of the Chartists?
A
Right to vote for men Equal sized electoral districts Voting by secret ballot End to the need of property qualifications for parliament Pay for MPs Annual elections
8
Q
What happened when the government failed to appease the Chartists?
A
They proposed a strike
9
Q
What is socialism?
A
An economic political system in which society as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses
10
Q
What were the means of production?
A
Land
Labour
Capital
11
Q
What was collectively owned in socialism?
A
The means of production where co-operation is favored over competition
12
Q
What was a socialist ideology?
A
Those who contributed to the wealth of society should be rewarded and wealth should be distributed amongst the working class
13
Q
What are the 2 forms of socialism?
A
Utopian socialism and communism
14
Q
What is Utopia?
A
An imaginary preferred world meant to serve as a mold for real life
15
Q
Who were utopians?
A
Humanitarians; those who improve the life of others through social reforms and aid
16
Q
What did utopians want to do?
A
Improve the lives of others through social reforms and aid
Wanted to modify classic liberalism
17
Q
Who were the 3 Utopian Socialists?
A
Robert Owen
Charles Fourier Claude Saint Simon
Horace Greeley
18
Q
Who was Robert Owen
A
A wealthy manufacturer and Utopian Socialist
19
Q
What did Robert Owen build?
A
An industrial company that paid high profits to owners and high wages to workers
20
Q
What did Robert Owen do?
A
Reduced work hours
Improved working conditions
Made it possible for workers to get an education
21
Q
Who invented Marxism?
A
Karl Marx
22
Q
What were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels horrified by?
A
The working conditions in British factories
23
Q
What did Marx and Engels blame for the terrible working conditions in British Factories?
A
Capitalism
24
Q
What did Marx and Engels write?
A
The Communist Manifesto
25
What was the Communist Manifesto?
A form of socialism where people had complete ownership of the means of production
26
How did Marx feel about Utopian Socialists?
They were impractical dreamers to him
27
What did Marx base his theories on?
The scientific study of history aka scientific socialism
28
What did Marx believed society was divided into?
Two halves. The have (bourgeoisie) and the Have nots (proletariat workers)
29
What did Marx predict?
The Proletariat would rise up against the Bourgeoisie and take control of the means of production thus creating a classless society where power and wealth is shared
30
What happened instead of Marxism?
The standard of living rose in industrialized countries
| Common abuses of the early stages of the industrial revolution disappeared
31
What did the Govt initiate the stopped Marx's predictions from happening?
Public reforms such as labour unions, insurance, vacations
32
What was one of the reasons that Marxism never happened?
Workers had strong feelings of nationalism towards their country and would not rebel against it
33
Where did Marxism excel?
USSR
China
North Korea
34
What is moderate socialism?
A term used to distinguish the non-violent, non-revolutionary, character of socialism from the communist idea of revolutionary change
35
What is another name for moderate socialism?
Democratic socialism
36
What were the views of the Fabian society?
Changes from capitalism to socialism would be brought about by peaceful means. They believed in democratic socialism/moderate socialism
37
How would the Fabian society bring upon democratic socialism?
By a gradual and incremental reform of liberalism towards the principles of socialism
38
Who founded moderate socialism?
Middle class intellectuals and social reformers
39
What did the Fabian society later become affiliated with?
The Britain's Labour Party
40
Who was associated with moderate socialism?
```
George Bernard Shaw
Ramsay McDonald
H.G. Wells
Sidney Webb
Beatrice Webb
```
41
What is Classical Conservativism?
An ideology that says govt should represent the legacy of the past as well as the well being of the present
42
What are the beliefs of Classical Conservatism?
Society should have a degree
Govt should be chosen by a limited electorate
Leaders should improve the lives of others through social reform and aid
Stability of society is most important
43
What did Edmond Burke believe in?
Classical Conservatism
44
Why did Edmond Burke condemn the French revolution?
B/c is brough changed that destroyed traditional institutions such as the monarchy and nobility
45
What did Edmond Burke accept?
Gradual change but he emphasized respect and custom for tradition
46
Who did Edmond Burke believe should run the govt?
The wisest and most talented
47
What were the principles of classical conservatism?
Gradual change but respect for custom and tradition
Only smart should run govt
Only nobles should hold positions of power
48
What are some classic liberal beliefs and values?
Supremacy of the individual
Economic freedoms found in capitalism
Humans can make rational decisions
49
What ideologies challenged supremacy of the individual?
Socialism
| Classical Conservatism
50
What ideologies challenged the economic freedoms found in capitalism?
Luddism, Chartism, Socialism
51
What ideologies challenged the rationality of Humans?
Socialism and Classical Conservatism
52
What was the first wave of feminism?
The right to vote
53
What was the 2nd wave of feminism?
Jobs and education rights
54
What was the 3rd wave of feminism?
Economic rights
55
What was the 4th wave of feminism?
Gender fluidity
56
Why were labour laws established?
To protect workers rights from those who were willing to subjugate workers for economic gain
57
Why were labour laws formed in the first place?
Because before govts only spoke with capitalists w/o the participation of workers themselves. Workers wanted an equal voiced that expressed their interests
58
What rights did workers gain through labour unions?
The right to collective bargaining and striking
59
What was suffrage under classical liberalism?
Men being given the right to vote
60
What was the govt of Britain like before universal suffrage?
Parliament was composed of aristocracy who elected each other to seats
61
What was the govt of Canada like before universal suffrage?
Wealth showed aristocracy. Men had to own a certain amount of property or pay a certain amount of money in rent or taxes to vote
62
What is Feminism?
The belief that men and women are to be treated equally in all aspects
63
What did Mary Wollstonecraft do?
She fought against the classical liberal view against women. Argued education will make women better wives, mothers and equal to men
64
How were women seen in the 19th century?
Women became a supply of cheap labour in the private sphere. They worked in upper middle class homes as servants
65
What did John Stuart Mill believe in?
Abandon the unconditional support of the laissez-faire capitalism and advocate for more govt involvement to correct abuses of the free market
66
Why did John Stuart Mill disagree with Marx?
He felt the free market wouldn't lead to conflict. He only felt that capitalism could be improved
67
What is welfare capitalism?
Preventing labour and unrest by responding to workers complaints. Also providing workers with monetary awards and social safety programs to ensure peace
68
Who believed in welfare capitalism?
John Stuart Mill
69
What is Progressivism?
A movement in the USA that reacted to the perceived abuses of laissez-faire capitalism by large corporations
70
What is a square deal?
A deal saying both labour and capital must be treated fairly
71
What did progressives favour?
A square deal for average citizens. This was achieved through legislation and regulation of the marketplace
72
What is a welfare state?
A state in which the economy is capitalist, but the govt uses policies to modify market forces in order to ensure economic stability and a basic standard of living for its citizen
73
What are Canadian cradle to grave things?
Health Care
| Rights and Freedoms
74
Which ideologies use Command economies?
Communism and Socialism
75
What is a command economy?
Govt is responsible for the well being of its members
76
What are values of the Market Economies?
Economic competition, freedom, independance, self-reliance, inequality
77
What is a Market economy?
An organized system of production and consumption according to price which is determined through the laws of supply and demand
78
Why the were the 20s so good?
Increase in the standard of living and per capita of anula income and consumerism was large
79
What was the solution to the recession by Pres Harding?
Cut federal spending, reduce taxes of the wealthy, support businesses, stress individualism and break unions
80
When did the stock market crash?
1929. This was called black tuesday
81
Why did Black Tuesday happen?
There was a lot of insider trading
| Stock prices were inflated
82
What happened in the dirty 30s?
There was an overproduction of goods
Protectionism was implemented
Income was unequally distributed
83
What is protectionism?
Protective tariffs were implemented to protect domestic industries
84
What was another name for Keynesian economics?
Demand side economics
85
What did Keynesian advocate for?
More govt involvement
86
Why did Keynes believe that recessions happen?
Because of decreased consumer spending
87
What did Keynesian economics support?
```
Decreased taxes on citizens
More social programs
More govt job training
More aid to education
Direct govt spending on job-creation
```
88
Why was Keynesian Economics criticized?
For creating large govt debts and large govt bureaucracy
89
What did Franklin Roosevelt believe?
The federal govt was needed to get the country out of the depression and create jobs
90
What did Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal create?
```
Banking reform laws
Emergency relief programs
Work relief programs
Agricultural programs
Social security act
```
91
Who did not support Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal?
People who were in favour of Laissez-Faire economies
92
What did Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal do in the short term?
Helps improve the lives of people suffering from the events of depression
93
What did Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal do in the long run?
They set a precedent for the federal govt to play a role in social and economic affairs
