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Social 30-1 > Related Issue 2: Part 2 > Flashcards

Related Issue 2: Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which new ideologies formed in response to liberalism?

A 
Luddism
Chartism
Socialism
Marxism
Classical conservatism
Welfare capitalism
Welfare state
Keynesianism
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2
Q

Who was the leader of luddism?

A

Ned Ludd

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3
Q

What did Luddites do?

A

They destroyed factory equipment that would replace the need for human laborers

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4
Q

What was the government response to Luddism?

A

The death penalty

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5
Q

Who were the Chartists?

A

A working class movement in Britain that focused on social and political reform

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6
Q

Where did Chartists get their name?

A

The people’s charter of 1838

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7
Q

What were the goals of the Chartists?

A 
Right to vote for men
Equal sized electoral districts
Voting by secret ballot
End to the need of property qualifications for parliament
Pay for MPs
Annual elections
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8
Q

What happened when the government failed to appease the Chartists?

A

They proposed a strike

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9
Q

What is socialism?

A

An economic political system in which society as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses

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10
Q

What were the means of production?

A

Land
Labour
Capital

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11
Q

What was collectively owned in socialism?

A

The means of production where co-operation is favored over competition

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12
Q

What was a socialist ideology?

A

Those who contributed to the wealth of society should be rewarded and wealth should be distributed amongst the working class

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13
Q

What are the 2 forms of socialism?

A

Utopian socialism and communism

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14
Q

What is Utopia?

A

An imaginary preferred world meant to serve as a mold for real life

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15
Q

Who were utopians?

A

Humanitarians; those who improve the life of others through social reforms and aid

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16
Q

What did utopians want to do?

A

Improve the lives of others through social reforms and aid

Wanted to modify classic liberalism

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17
Q

Who were the 3 Utopian Socialists?

A

Robert Owen
Charles Fourier Claude Saint Simon
Horace Greeley

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18
Q

Who was Robert Owen

A

A wealthy manufacturer and Utopian Socialist

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19
Q

What did Robert Owen build?

A

An industrial company that paid high profits to owners and high wages to workers

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20
Q

What did Robert Owen do?

A

Reduced work hours
Improved working conditions
Made it possible for workers to get an education

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21
Q

Who invented Marxism?

A

Karl Marx

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22
Q

What were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels horrified by?

A

The working conditions in British factories

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23
Q

What did Marx and Engels blame for the terrible working conditions in British Factories?

A

Capitalism

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24
Q

What did Marx and Engels write?

A

The Communist Manifesto

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25
Q

What was the Communist Manifesto?

A

A form of socialism where people had complete ownership of the means of production

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26
Q

How did Marx feel about Utopian Socialists?

A

They were impractical dreamers to him

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27
Q

What did Marx base his theories on?

A

The scientific study of history aka scientific socialism

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28
Q

What did Marx believed society was divided into?

A

Two halves. The have (bourgeoisie) and the Have nots (proletariat workers)

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29
Q

What did Marx predict?

A

The Proletariat would rise up against the Bourgeoisie and take control of the means of production thus creating a classless society where power and wealth is shared

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30
Q

What happened instead of Marxism?

A

The standard of living rose in industrialized countries

Common abuses of the early stages of the industrial revolution disappeared

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31
Q

What did the Govt initiate the stopped Marx’s predictions from happening?

A

Public reforms such as labour unions, insurance, vacations

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32
Q

What was one of the reasons that Marxism never happened?

A

Workers had strong feelings of nationalism towards their country and would not rebel against it

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33
Q

Where did Marxism excel?

A

USSR
China
North Korea

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34
Q

What is moderate socialism?

A

A term used to distinguish the non-violent, non-revolutionary, character of socialism from the communist idea of revolutionary change

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35
Q

What is another name for moderate socialism?

A

Democratic socialism

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36
Q

What were the views of the Fabian society?

A

Changes from capitalism to socialism would be brought about by peaceful means. They believed in democratic socialism/moderate socialism

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37
Q

How would the Fabian society bring upon democratic socialism?

A

By a gradual and incremental reform of liberalism towards the principles of socialism

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38
Q

Who founded moderate socialism?

A

Middle class intellectuals and social reformers

39
Q

What did the Fabian society later become affiliated with?

A

The Britain’s Labour Party

40
Q

Who was associated with moderate socialism?

A 
George Bernard Shaw
Ramsay McDonald
H.G. Wells
Sidney Webb
Beatrice Webb
41
Q

What is Classical Conservativism?

A

An ideology that says govt should represent the legacy of the past as well as the well being of the present

42
Q

What are the beliefs of Classical Conservatism?

A

Society should have a degree
Govt should be chosen by a limited electorate
Leaders should improve the lives of others through social reform and aid
Stability of society is most important

43
Q

What did Edmond Burke believe in?

A

Classical Conservatism

44
Q

Why did Edmond Burke condemn the French revolution?

A

B/c is brough changed that destroyed traditional institutions such as the monarchy and nobility

45
Q

What did Edmond Burke accept?

A

Gradual change but he emphasized respect and custom for tradition

46
Q

Who did Edmond Burke believe should run the govt?

A

The wisest and most talented

47
Q

What were the principles of classical conservatism?

A

Gradual change but respect for custom and tradition
Only smart should run govt
Only nobles should hold positions of power

48
Q

What are some classic liberal beliefs and values?

A

Supremacy of the individual
Economic freedoms found in capitalism
Humans can make rational decisions

49
Q

What ideologies challenged supremacy of the individual?

A

Socialism

Classical Conservatism

50
Q

What ideologies challenged the economic freedoms found in capitalism?

A

Luddism, Chartism, Socialism

51
Q

What ideologies challenged the rationality of Humans?

A

Socialism and Classical Conservatism

52
Q

What was the first wave of feminism?

A

The right to vote

53
Q

What was the 2nd wave of feminism?

A

Jobs and education rights

54
Q

What was the 3rd wave of feminism?

A

Economic rights

55
Q

What was the 4th wave of feminism?

A

Gender fluidity

56
Q

Why were labour laws established?

A

To protect workers rights from those who were willing to subjugate workers for economic gain

57
Q

Why were labour laws formed in the first place?

A

Because before govts only spoke with capitalists w/o the participation of workers themselves. Workers wanted an equal voiced that expressed their interests

58
Q

What rights did workers gain through labour unions?

A

The right to collective bargaining and striking

59
Q

What was suffrage under classical liberalism?

A

Men being given the right to vote

60
Q

What was the govt of Britain like before universal suffrage?

A

Parliament was composed of aristocracy who elected each other to seats

61
Q

What was the govt of Canada like before universal suffrage?

A

Wealth showed aristocracy. Men had to own a certain amount of property or pay a certain amount of money in rent or taxes to vote

62
Q

What is Feminism?

A

The belief that men and women are to be treated equally in all aspects

63
Q

What did Mary Wollstonecraft do?

A

She fought against the classical liberal view against women. Argued education will make women better wives, mothers and equal to men

64
Q

How were women seen in the 19th century?

A

Women became a supply of cheap labour in the private sphere. They worked in upper middle class homes as servants

65
Q

What did John Stuart Mill believe in?

A

Abandon the unconditional support of the laissez-faire capitalism and advocate for more govt involvement to correct abuses of the free market

66
Q

Why did John Stuart Mill disagree with Marx?

A

He felt the free market wouldn’t lead to conflict. He only felt that capitalism could be improved

67
Q

What is welfare capitalism?

A

Preventing labour and unrest by responding to workers complaints. Also providing workers with monetary awards and social safety programs to ensure peace

68
Q

Who believed in welfare capitalism?

A

John Stuart Mill

69
Q

What is Progressivism?

A

A movement in the USA that reacted to the perceived abuses of laissez-faire capitalism by large corporations

70
Q

What is a square deal?

A

A deal saying both labour and capital must be treated fairly

71
Q

What did progressives favour?

A

A square deal for average citizens. This was achieved through legislation and regulation of the marketplace

72
Q

What is a welfare state?

A

A state in which the economy is capitalist, but the govt uses policies to modify market forces in order to ensure economic stability and a basic standard of living for its citizen

73
Q

What are Canadian cradle to grave things?

A

Health Care

Rights and Freedoms

74
Q

Which ideologies use Command economies?

A

Communism and Socialism

75
Q

What is a command economy?

A

Govt is responsible for the well being of its members

76
Q

What are values of the Market Economies?

A

Economic competition, freedom, independance, self-reliance, inequality

77
Q

What is a Market economy?

A

An organized system of production and consumption according to price which is determined through the laws of supply and demand

78
Q

Why the were the 20s so good?

A

Increase in the standard of living and per capita of anula income and consumerism was large

79
Q

What was the solution to the recession by Pres Harding?

A

Cut federal spending, reduce taxes of the wealthy, support businesses, stress individualism and break unions

80
Q

When did the stock market crash?

A
  1. This was called black tuesday
81
Q

Why did Black Tuesday happen?

A

There was a lot of insider trading

Stock prices were inflated

82
Q

What happened in the dirty 30s?

A

There was an overproduction of goods
Protectionism was implemented
Income was unequally distributed

83
Q

What is protectionism?

A

Protective tariffs were implemented to protect domestic industries

84
Q

What was another name for Keynesian economics?

A

Demand side economics

85
Q

What did Keynesian advocate for?

A

More govt involvement

86
Q

Why did Keynes believe that recessions happen?

A

Because of decreased consumer spending

87
Q

What did Keynesian economics support?

A 
Decreased taxes on citizens
More social programs
More govt job training
More aid to education
Direct govt spending on job-creation
88
Q

Why was Keynesian Economics criticized?

A

For creating large govt debts and large govt bureaucracy

89
Q

What did Franklin Roosevelt believe?

A

The federal govt was needed to get the country out of the depression and create jobs

90
Q

What did Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal create?

A 
Banking reform laws
Emergency relief programs
Work relief programs
Agricultural programs
Social security act
91
Q

Who did not support Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal?

A

People who were in favour of Laissez-Faire economies

92
Q

What did Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal do in the short term?

A

Helps improve the lives of people suffering from the events of depression

93
Q

What did Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal do in the long run?

A

They set a precedent for the federal govt to play a role in social and economic affairs

Social 30-1 (20 decks)

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